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Nile perch (Lates niloticus, L.) and cichlids (Haplochromis spp.) in Lake Victoria: could prey mortality promote invasion of its predator?

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Abstract

The invasion of Nile perch into Lake Victoria is one of the iconic examples of the destructive effect of an introduced species on an ecosystem but no convincing explanation exists of why Nile perch only increased dramatically after a 25 year lag. Here, we consider this problem using a mathematical model that takes into account interactions between Nile perch and its cichlid prey. We examined competing hypotheses to explain Nile perch invasion and show that suppression of juvenile Nile perch by cichlids may cause the system to have two alternative stable states: one with only cichlids and one with coexistence of cichlids and Nile perch. Without cichlid predation on Nile perch, alternative stable states did not occur. Our analysis indicates that cichlid mortality, for example fishing mortality, may have induced the observed shift between the states.

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Acknowledgements

Wageningen UR facilitated the research presented in this manuscript. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript and Egil Fischer for helping out with Mathematica issues.

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Author notes

  1. Reinier HilleRisLambers

    Present address: World Wildlife Fund, Oceans & Coasts Program, P.O. Box 7, 3700, AA, Zeist, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wageningen IMARES, PO Box 68, 1970, AB, IJmuiden, The Netherlands

    Karen E. van de Wolfshaar, Reinier HilleRisLambers, Kees P. C. Goudswaard & Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp

  2. Department Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Marten Scheffer

  3. Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Karen E. van de Wolfshaar & Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp

Authors
  1. Karen E. van de Wolfshaar
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  2. Reinier HilleRisLambers
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  3. Kees P. C. Goudswaard
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Correspondence to Karen E. van de Wolfshaar.

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van de Wolfshaar, K.E., HilleRisLambers, R., Goudswaard, K.P.C. et al. Nile perch (Lates niloticus, L.) and cichlids (Haplochromis spp.) in Lake Victoria: could prey mortality promote invasion of its predator?. Theor Ecol 7, 253–261 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-014-0215-y

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