Skip to main content
Log in

Lipset and “working-class” authoritarianism

  • Published:
The American Sociologist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Adorno, Theodor W., Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson, and R. Nevitt Sandford. 1950. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, Robert and Anthony Heath. 2002. “Class Matters: The Persisting Effects of Contextual Social Class on Individual Voting in Britain, 1964-97.” European Sociological Review 18:125–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, Bart, Inge Sieben, Paul Nieuwbeerta, and Harry Ganzeboom. 1997. “Maten voor prestige, sociaaleconomische status en sociale klasse voor de standaard beroepen classificatie 1992” [Measures for Prestige, Socio-Economic Status, and Social Class for the Standard Occupational Classification 1992]. Sociale Wetenschappen 40:1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Zygmunt. 1987. Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-Modernity, and Intellectuals. Oxford: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, Ulrich. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blees-Booij, Aria. 1994. Culturele en economische beroepsstatus van mannen en vrouwen [Cultural and Economic Occupational Status of Men and Women]. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobo, Lawrence and Frederick C. Licari. 1989. “Education and Political Tolerance: Testing the Effects of Cognitive Sophistication and Group Affect.” Public Opinion Quarterly 53:285–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Böröcz, Joszef and Caleb Southworth. 1996. “Decomposing the Intellectuals' Class Power: Conversion of Cultural Capital to Income, Hungary, 1986.” Social Forces 74:797–821.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1973. “Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction.” Pp. 71–112 in Knowledge, Education and Cultural Change: Papers in the Sociology ofEducation, edited by Richard K. Brown. London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1986. “The Forms of Capital.” Pp. 241–258 in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by John G. Richardson. New York: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London/ Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Case, Charles E., Andrew Greeley, and Stephan Fuchs. 1989. “Social Determinants of Racial Prejudice.” Sociological Perspectives 32:469–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Bureau of Statistics. 1994. Standaard beroepenclassificatie 1992 [Standard Occupational Classification 1992]. Voorburg: CBS.

    Google Scholar 

  • D'Anjou, Leo J. M., Abram Steijn, and Dries Van Aarsen. 1995. “Social Position, Ideology, and Distributive Justice.” Social Justice Research 8:351–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Graaf, Nan Dirk and Bram Steijn. 1997. “De 'service' klasse in Nederland: Een voorstel tot aanpassing van de EGP-klassenindeling” [The Service Class in the Netherlands: A Proposition to Adjustment of the EGP-Classification]. Tijdschrifi voor Sociologie 18:131–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Graaf, Paul M. and Matthijs Kalmijn. 2001. “Trends in the Intergenerational Transmission of Cultural and Economic Status.” Acta Sociologica 44:51–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker, Paul and Peter Ester. 1987. “Working Class Authoritarianism: A Re-Examination of the Lipset Thesis.” European Journal of Political Research 15:395–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Witte, Hans. 1990. Conformisme, radicalisme en machteloosheid: Een onderzoek naar de sociaal-culturele en sociaal-economische opvattingen van arbeiders in Vlaanderen [Conformism, Radicalism, and Powerlessness. An Inquiry into the Social-Cultural and Social-Economic Ideas of laborers in Flanders]. Leuven: HIVA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisinga, Rob N. and Peer L. H. Scheepers. 1989. Etnocentrisme in Nederland: Theoretische en empirische Verkenningen [Ethnocentrism in the Netherlands: Theoretical and Empirical Explorations]. Nijmegen: ITS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, Robert. 1984. “Social Class of Men, Women and Families.” Sociology 18:500–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, Robert, John H. Goldthorpe, and Lucienne Portocarero. 1979. “Intergenerational Class Mobility in Three Western European Societies: England, France and Sweden.” British Journal of Sociology 30:415–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felling, Albert J. A. and Jan Peters. 1986. “Conservatism: A Multidimensional Concept.” Netherlands' Journal of Sociology 22:36–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabennesch, Howard. 1972. “Authoritarianism as World View.” American Journal of Sociology 77:857–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganzeboom, Harry B. G., Ruud Luijkx, and Donald Treiman. 1989. “Intergenerational Class Mobility in Comparative Perspective.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 8:3–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldthorpe, John H. 1980. Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabb, Edward G. 1979. “Working-Class Authoritarianism and Tolerance of Outgroups: A Reassessment.” Public Opinion Quarterly 43:36–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1980. “Marxist Categories and Theories of Class: The Case of Working Class Authoritarianism.” Pacific Sociological Review 23:359–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, Richard F. 1972. Class and Politics in the United States. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hout, Mike, Clem Brooks, and Jeff Manza. 1993. “The Persistence of Classes in Post-Industrial Societies.” International Sociology 8:259–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 2001. “The Persistence of Classes in Post-Industrial Societies.” Pp. 55–75 in The Breakdown of Class Politics: A Debate on Post-Industrial Stratification, edited by Terry Nichols Clark and Seymour Martin Lipset. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houtman, Dick. 1994. Werkloosheid en sociale rechtvaardigheid: Oordelen over de rechten enplichten van werklozen [Unemployment and Social Justice: Judgments on the Rights and Obligations of the Unemployed]. Amsterdam: Boom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackman, Mary R. 1973-“Education and Prejudice or Education and Response-Set?” American Sociological Review 38:327–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1978. “General and Applied Tolerance: Does Education Increase Commitment to Racial Integration?” American Journal of Political Science 22:302–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackman, Mary R. and Michael J. Muha. 1984. “Education and Intergroup Attitudes: Moral Enlightenment, Superficial Democratic Commitment, or Ideological Refinement?” American Sociological Review 49:751–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalmijn, Matthijs. 1994. “Assortative Mating by Cultural and Economic Occupational Status.” American Journal of Sociology 100:422–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, Melvin L. 1977 [1969]. Class and Conformity: A Study in Values (SecondEdition). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, Melvin L. and Carmi Schooler. 1983. Work and Personality: An Inquiry into the Impact of Social Stratification. New York: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, Melvin L. and Kazimierz M. Slomczynski. 1990. Social Structure and Self-Direction: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Poland. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamont, Michéle. 1986. “Cultural Capital and the Liberal Political Attitudes of Professionals: Comment on Brint.” American Journal ofSociology 92:1501–1506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1959. “Democracy and Working-Class Authoritarianism.” American Sociological Review 24:482–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1981. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Expanded Edition). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipsitz, Lewis. 1965. “Working-Class Authoritarianism: A ReEvaluation. ” American Sociological Re view 30:103–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, Gordon, Howard Newby, David Rose, and Carolyn Vogler. 1988. Social Class in Modern Britain. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Karl. 1967 [1867]. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Volume 1). New York: International Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. 1948 [1848]. Manifesto of the Communist Party. New York: International Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meloen, Jos and Cees Middendorp. 1991. “Authoritarianism in the Netherlands: The Empirical Distribution in the Population and its Relation toTheories of Authoritarianism; 1970-1985. ” Politics and the Individual 1:49–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Middendorp, Cees P. and Jos D. Meloen. 1990. “The Authoritarianism of the Working Class Revisited.” European Journal of Political Research 18:257–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwbeerta, Paul. 1995. The Democratic Class Struggle in Twenty Countries, 1945-1990. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunn, Clyde Z., Harry J. Crockett., Jr., and J. Allen Williams, Jr. 1978. Tolerance for Nonconformity: A National Survey of Americans' Changing Commitment to Civil Liberties. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, Willy. 1996. “Working-Class Boys at the Margins: Ethnic Prejudice, Cultural Capital, and Gender.” Atta Sociologica 39:257–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, Ivan. 1977. Social Class Differences in Modern Britain. London: Open Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheepers, P., R. Eisinga, and L. B. Van Snippenburg. 1989. “Klassepositie en autoritarisme: Hernieuwde toets van een klassieke hypothése” [Class Position and Authoritarianism: Renewed Test of a Classical Hypothesis]. Acta Politica 24:337–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, John. 1996. Stratification and Power: Structures of Class, Status and Command. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steijn, Bram and Dick Houtman. 1998. “Proletarianization of the Dutch Middle Class: Fact or Fiction?” Pp. 73–91 in Economic Restructuring and the Growing Uncertainty of the Middle Class, edited by Bram Steijn, Jan Berting and Mart-Jan De Jong. Boston: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steijn, Bram, Jan Berting, and Mart-Jan De Jong (eds). 1998. Economic Restructuring and the Growing Uncertainty of the Middle Class. Boston: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steijn, Bram and Marco de Witte. 1992. De Januskop van de industriële samenleving: Technologie, arbeid en klassen aan het begin van dejaren negentig [The Two Faces of Industrial Society: Technology, Labor, and Class in the Nineties]. Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stouffer, Samuel A. 1955. Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties: A Cross-Section of the Nation Speaks its Mind. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svallfors, S. 1991. “The Politics of Welfare Policy in Sweden: Structural Determinants and Attitudinal Cleavages.” British Journal of Sociology 42:609–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Touraine, Alain. 1981. The Voice and the Eye: An Analysis of Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, Max. 1982 [1921]. “Class, Status, Party.” Pp. 180–195 in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weil, Frederick D. 1985. “The Variable Effects of Education on Liberal Attitudes: A Comparative-Historical Analysis of Anti-Semitism Using Public Opinion Survey Data.” American Sociological Review 50:458–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Erik Olin. 1979. Class Structure and Income Determination. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1985. Classes. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Erik Olin, Cynthia Costello, David Hachen, and Joey Sprague. 1982. “The American Class Structure.” American Sociological Review 47:709–726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zipp, John F. 1986. “Social Class and Social Liberalism.” Sociological Forum 1:301–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

His principal research interest is cultural change in late modernity and the way it restructures the political and religious domains. This article is drawn from his first book-length work in English, Class and Politics in Contemporary Social Science: ‘Marxicism Lite’ and Its Blind Spot for Culture (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 2003).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Houtman, D. Lipset and “working-class” authoritarianism. Am Soc 34, 85–103 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-003-1008-8

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-003-1008-8

Keywords

Navigation