Abstract
To date, there has been much quantitative research conducted on sexting, often with a focus on investigating its prevalence among young people and which also typically presents the behaviour as deviant and risky. As a result, less is known about the everyday nature of sexting, and the various reasons and motivations regarding why individuals engage in the behaviour beyond a simplistic framing of the behaviour as risky and deviant. The present study was qualitative in nature, involving in-depth interviews with 40 young people aged 18–25 years, exploring their perceptions and experiences of sexualised culture. Sexting was a topic of discussion and it is this issue that is the focus of this paper. Interviews revealed the different encounters in which sexting occurred including within the contexts of casual sexual, dating and intimate relationships, and in a non-sexual peer context with friends, in addition to the varied motivations, reasons, and feelings associated with these experiences. Findings therefore provide further understanding and knowledge of the everyday and varied nature of sexting, contributing to the emerging research literature focusing on a qualitative approach that explores everyday negotiations and experiences of sexting and which moves discussions beyond focussing primarily on prevalence, risk and harm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albury, K., & Crawford, K. (2012). Sexting, consent and young people’s ethics: Beyond Megan’s story. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 26(3), 463–473.
Albury, K., Crawford, K., Byron,P., & Mathews, B. (2013). Young people and sexting in Australia. Ethics, representation, and the law. Australia: University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://jmrc.arts.unsw.edu.au/media/File/Young_People_And_Sexting_Final.pdf.
Angelides, S. (2013). ‘Technology, hormones, and stupidity’: The affective politics of teenage sexting. Sexualities, 16(5/6), 665–689.
Associated Press-MTV. (2009). Digital abuse survey. Menlo Park: Knowledge Networks. http://surveys.ap.org/data/KnowledgeNetworks/AP_Digital_Abuse_Topline_092209.pdf.
Attwood, F. (2009). Introduction: The sexualisation of culture. In F. Attwood (Ed.), Mainstreaming sex: The sexualisation of western culture (pp. 13–24). London & New York: I. B. Tauris.
Barker, C., & Galasinski, D. (2001). Cultural studies and discourse analysis: A dialogue on language and identity. London: SAGE Publications.
Benotsch, E. G., Snipes, D. J., Martin, A. M., & Bull, S. S. (2013). Sexting, substance use, and sexual risk behaviour in young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 307–313.
Beres, M. (2010). ‘Spontaneous’ sexual consent: An analysis of sexual consent literature. Feminism & Psychology, 17(1), 93–108.
Boynton, P. (2003). Abiding by the rules: Instructing women in relationships. Feminism & Psychology, 13(2), 237–245.
Burkett, M., & Hamilton, K. (2012). Postfeminist sexual agency: Young women’s negotiations of sexual consent. Sexualities, 15, 815–833.
Colley, A., Todd, Z., White, A., et al. (2010). Communication using camera phones among young men and women: Who sends what to whom? Sex Roles, 63(5–6), 348–360.
Cover, R. (2003). The naked subject: Nudity, context and sexualisation in contemporary culture. Body & Society, 9(3), 53–72.
Crawford, K., & Goggin, G. (2011). Generation disconnections: Youth culture and mobile communication. In R. Ling & S. Campbell (Eds.), The mobile communication research series, mobile communication: Bringing us together or tearing us apart? (Vol. II, pp. 249–271). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Dake, J. A., Price, J. H., Maziarz, L., et al. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of sexting behavior in adolescents. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7(1), 1–15.
Delevi, R., & Weisskirch, R. (2013). Personality factors as predictors of sexting. Computers in Human Behaviour, 29, 2589–2594.
Dir, A., Coskunpinar, A., Steiner, J. L., & Cyders, M. A. (2013). Understanding differences in sexting behaviours across gender, relationship status, and sexual identity, and the role of expectancies in sexting. Cyberpsychology, Behaviour, and Social Networking, 16(8), 568–574.
Dobson, A. S. (2011). Hetero-sexy representation by young women on MySpace: The politics of performing an ‘objectified’ self’ (p. 25). Outskirts: Feminisms along the edge.
Dobson, A. S. (2015). Postfeminist digital cultures: Femininity, social media, and self-representation. New York: Palgrave.
Döring, N. (2014). Consensual sexting among adolescents: Risk prevention through abstinence education or safer sexting? Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 8(1), 1–13.
Drouin, M., & Landgraff, C. (2012). Texting, sexting, and attachment in college students’ romantic relationships. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28(2), 444–449.
Drouin, M., & Tobin, E. (2014). Unwanted but consensual sexting among young adults: Relations with attachment and sexual motivations. Computers in Human Behaviour, 31, 412–418.
Drouin, M., Vogel, K. N., Surbey, A., & Stills, J. R. (2013). Let’s talk about sexting, baby: Computer-mediated sexual behaviors among young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, A25–A30.
Eck, B. A. (2003). Men are much harder: Gendered viewing of nude images. Gender and Society, 17(5), 691–710.
Englander, E. (2012). Low risk associated with most teenage sexting: A study of 617 18-year-olds. http://webhost.bridgew.edu/marc/SEXTING%20AND%20COERCION%20report.pdf.
Evans, A., & Riley, S. (2015). Technologies of sexiness: Sex, identity, and consumer culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
Evans, A., Riley, S., & Shankar, A. (2010). Technologies of sexiness: Theorizing women’s engagement in the sexualisation of culture. Feminism and Psychology, 20(1), 114–131.
Flood, M. (2008). Men, sex, and homosociality How bonds between men shape their sexual relations with women. Men and Masculinities, 10(3), 339–359.
Gavey, N. (2005). Just sex? The cultural scaffolding of rape. New York: Routledge.
Gill, R. (2007). Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 147–166.
Gill, R. (2008). Empowerment/sexism: Figuring female sexual agency in contemporary advertising. Feminism and Psychology, 18(1), 35–60.
Gill, R. (2009). Mediated intimacy and post-feminism: A discourse analytic examination of sex and relationships advice in a women’s magazine. Discourse & Communication, 3(4), 345–369.
Gill, R. (2012). Media, empowerment and the ‘sexualization of culture’ debates. Sex Roles, 66(11–12), 736–745.
Gill, R., Henwood, K., & McLean, C. (2005). Body projects and the regulation of normative masculinity. Body and Society, 11(1), 37–62.
Goggin, G., & Crawford, K. (2011). Moveable types: Youth and the emergence of mobile social media in Australia. Media Asia Journal, 37(4), 224–232.
Gordon-Messer, D., Bauermeister, J. A., Grodzinski, A., & Zimmerman, M. (2013). Sexting amongst young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 301–306.
Hardy, S. (2009). The new pornographies: Representation or reality? In F. Attwood (Ed.), Mainstreaming sex: The sexualisation of western culture (pp. 3–18). London & New York: I. B. Tauris.
Harvey, L., & Gill, R. (2011). Spicing it up: Sexual entrepreneurs and The Sex Inspectors. In R. Gill & C. Scharff (Eds.), New femininities: Postfeminism, neoliberalism and subjectivity (pp. 52–670). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hasinoff, A. (2012). Sexting as media production: Rethinking social media and Sexuality. New Media & Society, 1–17.
Hasinoff, A. (2013). Sexting as media production: Rethinking social media and sexuality. New Media & Society, 15, 449–465.
Hasinoff, A. (2014). Blaming sexualisation for sexting. Girlhood Studies, 1, 102–120.
Hasinoff, A. (2015). Sexting Panic: Rethinking criminalization, privacy, and consent. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Hasinoff, A., & Shepherd, T. (2014). Sexting in context: Privacy norms and expectations. International Journal of Communication, 8, 2932–2955.
Henderson, L., & Morgan, E. (2011). Sexting and sexual relationships among teens and young adults. McNair Scholars Research Journal, 7, 31–39.
Jackson, S., & Scott, S. (2010). Theorizing Sexuality. New York: Open University Press.
Jewell, J., & Brown, C. (2013). Sexting, catcall, and butt slaps: How gender stereotypes and perceived group norms predict sexualized behavior. Sex Roles (online first).
Karaian, L. (2012). Lolita speaks: Sexting, teenage girls and the law. Crime, Media, Culture, 8, 57–73.
Karaian, L. (2014). Policing ‘sexting’: Responsibilization, respectability and sexual subjectivity in child protection/crime prevention responses to teenagers’ digital sexual expression. Theoretical Criminology, 18, 282–299.
Klettke, B., Hallford, D., & Mellor, D. (2014). Sexting prevalence and correlates: A systematic literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 44–53.
Kopecky, K. (2011). Sexting among Czech preadolescents and adolescents. New Educational Review, 28(2), 39–48.
Lasén, A., & Gómez-Cruz, E. (2009). Digital photography and picture sharing: Redefining the public/private divide. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 22(3), 205–215.
Lee, M., & Crofts, T. (2015). Gender, pressure, coercion and pleasure: Untangling motivations for sexting between young people. British Journal of Criminology. doi:10.1093/bjc/azu075.
Lee, M., Crofts, T., Salter, M., Milivojevic, S., & McGovern, A. (2013). ‘Let’s get sexting’: Risk, power, sex and criminalisation in the moral domain. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 2(1), 35–49.
Lenhart, A. (2009). Teens and sexting: How and why minor teens are sending sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images via text messaging. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. http://www.pewinternet.org/2009/12/15/teens-and-sexting/.
Levine, D. (2013). Sexting: A terrifying health risk… or the new normal for young adults? Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(3), 257–258.
McKee, A., Albury, K., & Lumby, C. (2008). The porn report. Carlton: Melbourne University Publishing.
Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., Jones, L. M., et al. (2012). Prevalence and characteristics of youth sexting: A national study. Pediatrics, 129(1), 13–20.
National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. (2008). Sex and tech: Results from a survey of teens and young adults. www.thenationalcampaign.org/sextech/PDF/SexTech_Summary.pdf.
Paasonen, S. (2010). Labors of love: Netporn, Web 2.0 and the meanings of amateurism. New Media & Society, 12(8), 1297–1312.
Parker, I. (1994). Reflexive research and the grounding of analysis: Social psychology and the psy-complex. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 4, 239–252.
Parvez, Z. F. (2006). The labor of pleasure: How perceptions of emotional labour impact women’s enjoyment of pornography. Gender & Society, 20(5), 605–631.
Powell, A. (2008). Amor fati? Gender habitus and young people’s negotiation of (hetero) sexual consent. Australian Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 167–184.
Renold, E., & Ringrose, J. (2011). Schizoid subjectivities? Re-theorizing teen girls’ sexual cultures in an era of ‘sexualisation’. Journal of Sociology, 47, 389–409.
Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., & Fisher, B. S. (2014). Digital deviance: Low self-control and opportunity as explanations of sexting among college students. Sociological Spectrum, 34(3), 273–292.
Richardson, N., Smith, C., & Werndly, A. (2013). Studying sexualities: Theories, representations, cultures. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Ringrose, J. (2010). Sluts, whores, fat slags and playboy bunnies: Teen girls’ negotiations of ‘sexy’ on social networking sites and at school. In C. Jackson, C. Paetcher, & E. Renold (Eds.), Girls and education: Continuing concerns, new agendas (pp. 170–182). Berkshire: Open University Press.
Ringrose, J. (2013). Postfeminist education? Girls and the sexual politics of schooling. London and New York: Routledge.
Ringrose, J., & Eriksson, K. (2011). Gendered risks and opportunities? Exploring teen girls’ digitized sexual identities in postfeminist media contexts. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 7(2), 121–138.
Ringrose, J., Gill, R., Livingstone, S., & Harvey, L. (2012). A qualitative study of children, young people and ‘sexting’: A report prepared for the NSPCC. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
Ringrose, J., Harvey, L., Gill, R., & Livingstone, S. (2013). Teen girls, sexual double standards and ‘sexting’: Gendered value in digital image exchange. Feminist Theory, 14(3), 1–19.
Salter, M., Crofts, T., & Lee, M. (2013). Beyond criminalisation and responsibilisation: Sexting, gender and young people. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 24(3), 301–316.
Samimi, P., & Alderson, K. G. (2014). Sexting among undergraduate students. Computers in Human Behaviour, 31, 230–241.
Strassberg, D., McKinnon, R., Sustaíta, M., & Rullo, J. (2013). Sexting by high school students: An exploratory and descriptive study. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 42, 15–21.
Temple, J. R., & Choi, H. (2014). Longitudinal association between teen sexting and sexual behaviour. Paediatrics, 134(5), e1287–e1292.
Tyler, M. (2004). Managing between the sheets: Lifestyle magazines and the management of sexuality in everyday life. Sexualities, 7(1), 81–106.
Walker, S., Sanci, L., & Temple-Smith, M. (2013). Sexting: Young women’s and men’s views on its nature and origins. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 697–701.
Weedon, C. (1987/1997). Feminist practice and poststructuralist theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Weiss, R., & Samenow, C. P. (2010). Smart phones, social networking, sexting and problematic sexual behaviours: A call for research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 17(4), 241–246.
Weisskirch, R. S., & Delevi, R. (2011). “Sexting” and adult romantic attachment. Computers in Human Behaviour, 27, 1697–1701.
Wysocki, D. K., & Childers, C. D. (2011). ‘Let my fingers do the talking’: Sexting and infidelity in cyberspace. Sexuality and Culture, 15(3), 217–239.
Yeung, T. H., Horyniak, D. R., Vella, A. M., Hellard, M. E., & Lim, M. (2014). Prevalence, correlates and attitudes towards sexting among young people in Melbourne. Sexual Health, A-H: Australia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Burkett, M. Sex(t) Talk: A Qualitative Analysis of Young Adults’ Negotiations of the Pleasures and Perils of Sexting. Sexuality & Culture 19, 835–863 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-015-9295-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-015-9295-0