Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Applications of Plastic Films for Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Food Engineering Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of fresh produce relies on the modification of atmosphere inside the package achieved by the natural interplay between two processes: the respiration rates of the commodity and the permeability of the packaging films. MAP has been a proven technology to meet the consumer’s demand for more natural and fresh foods, which is increasing day by day. Because of its dynamic phenomenon, respiration and permeation take place simultaneously, and it is necessary to design the MAP system and select the matching films to achieve desired atmosphere early and maintain as long as possible. To meet the desired film characteristics for MAP, the different plastic films are either laminated or coextruded. In this modern world, the packaging films of required gas transmission properties are made available through advanced technology. Although the MAP industry has an increasing choice of packaging films, most packs are still constructed from four basic sustainable polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyproylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) for packaging of fresh produce. Polystyrene has also been used but polyvinylidene, polyester and nylon have such low gas permeabilities that they would be suitable only for commodities with very low respiration rates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abdel-Bary EM (2003) Hand book of plastic films. Rapra Technology Ltd., Shawbury, Shrewbury, Shropshri, SY4 4NR, UK

  2. Aharoni Y, Barkai-Golan R (1987) Pre-harvest fungicide sprays and polyvinyl wraps to control botrytis rot and prolong post harvest storage life of strawberries. J Hortic Sci 62:175–180

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aharoni N, Philosoph-Hadas S, Barkai-Golnn R (1987) Modified atmosphere to delay senescence and decay of broccoli. Proceedings of 4th national controlled atmospheres research conference, July 1985, pp 169–177, North Carolina

  4. Ahvenainen R (2003) Novel food packaging technology, Published in CRC Press, Boca Raton Boston New York Washinton, DC and Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge London

  5. Almenar E, Samsudin H, Auras R, Harte B, Rubino M (2008) Postharvest shelf life extension of blueberries using a biodegradable package. Food Chem 110:120–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Anzueto CR, Rizvi SSH (1985) Individual packaging of apples for shelf life extension. J Food Sci 50:891–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Aradhya SM, Habbibunnisa B, Prasad A, Vasantha MS, Ramana KVR, Ramachandra BS (1993) Extension of storage life of Rasthale Banana under modified atmosphere at low temperature, Paper No., FVP-39. Presented at the 3rd International Food Convention held during September 7–12 at Mysore, India

  8. Artes-Hernandez F, Tomas-Barberan FA, Artes F (2006) Modified atmosphere packaging preserves quality of SO2-free ‘superior seedless’ table grapes. Postharvest Biol Technol 39:146–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ashley RJ (1985) Permeability and plastics packaging. In: Comyn J (ed) Polymer permeability. Elsevier, New York, pp 269–308

  10. Auras R, Harte B, Selke S (2004) An overview of polyactides as packaging materials to food. Macromol Biosci 4(9):835–864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Banerjee S, Maier G, Dannenberg C, Spinger J (2004) Gas permeabilities of novel poly (arylene ether)s with terphenyl unit in the main chain. J Memb Sci 229:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Banks NH (1984) Some effects of TAL pro-long coating on ripening bananas. J Exp Bot 35:127–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Banks NH (1985) Responses of banana fruit to prolong coating at different times relative to the initiation of ripening. Sci Hortic 26:146–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Barmore CR, Purvis AC, Fellers PJ (1983) Polyethylene film packaging of citrus fruit: containment of decaying fruit. J Food Sci 48:1554–1559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bastioli C (2005) Handbook of biodegradable polymers. Toronto-Scarborough, Ontario, Chemical Technology Publishing, Canada, p 533

  16. Beaudry R (2000) Responses of horticultural commodities to low O2: limits to the expanded use of modified atmosphere packaging. HortTechnology 10:491–500

    Google Scholar 

  17. Beaudry R, Lakakul R (1992) Basic principles of modified atmosphere packaging. Tree Fruit Postharvest J 6(1):7–13

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ben-Arie R, Sonego L (1985) Modified atmosphere storage of kiwifruit (Aclinidia chinensis Planch) with ethylene removal. Sci Hortic 27:263–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Benning CJ (1983) Plastic films for packaging. Technomic publ. Co., Lancaster, PA, 181 pp

  20. Ben-Yehoshua S (1985) Individual seal-packaging of fruits and vegetables in plastic film-new postharvest technique. HortScience 20:32–37

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ben-Yehoshua S, Shapiro S, Even-Chen Z, Lurie S (1983) Mode of action of plastic film in extending life of lemon and bell pepper fruits by alleviation of water stress. Plant Physiol 73:87–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ben-Yehoshua S, Fishman S, Fang D, Rodov V (1994) New development in modified atmosphere packaging and surface coatings for fruits, ICIAR proceedings-aphnet.org, http://www.aphnet.org/workshop/postharvest

  23. Berins ML (1991) Plastic engineering handbooks of the society of the plastic industry, 5th edn. Chapman and Hall, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bhande SD (2007) Modelling of respiration kinetics of banana fruits for control atmosphere storage and modified atmosphere storage. Unpublished M.Tech Thesis, Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

  25. Billmeyer FW (1971) Text book of polymer science, 2nd edn. Wiley-Interscience, New Work

    Google Scholar 

  26. Blakistone BA (1997) Principles and applications of modified atmosphere packaging of foods. Laroisier Booksheller, Librairie, France

    Google Scholar 

  27. Brody AL (1991) New developments in modified atmosphere packaging in fruits and vegetables. In: Proceedings of fourth chemical congress of North America. Abstract 75

  28. Burton KS, Frost CE, Nichols R (1987) A combination of plastic permeable film system for controlling post-harvest mushroom quality. Biotechnol Lett 9:529–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Calderon M, Barkai-Golan R (1990) Food preservation by modified atmosphere. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cameron AC, Beaudry RM, Banks NH, Yelanich MV (1994) Modified atmosphere packaging of blueberry fruit: modeling respiration and package oxygen partial pressures as a function of temperature. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 119:534–539

    Google Scholar 

  31. Cameron AC, Boylan-Pett W, Lee J (1989) Design of modified atmosphere packaging systems: modeling oxygen concentrations within sealed packages of tomato fruits. J Food Sci 54(6):1413–1421

    Google Scholar 

  32. Cameron AC, Talasila PC, Joles DW (1995) Predicting film permeability needs for modified-atmosphere packaging of lightly processed fruits and vegetables. HortScience 30(1):25–34

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chaiprasart P (2003) Effect of modified atmosphere packaging by PE and PVC on quality changes of litchi fruits. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 665: II international symposium on Lychee, Longan, Rambutan and other Sapindaceae Plants

  34. Chau KV, Talasila PC (1994) Design of modified atmosphere packages for fresh fruits and vegetables. In: Singh RP, Oliveira FAR (eds) Minimal processing of foods and process optimization. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 407–416

  35. Christie GBY, Macdiarmid JI, Schliephake K, Tomkins RB (1995) Determination of film requirements and respiratory behaviour of fresh produce in modified atmosphere packaging, Postharvest Biol Tec 6:41–54

    Google Scholar 

  36. Church N (1994) Development in modified-atmosphere packaging and related technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 5:345–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Church IJ, Parsons AL (1995) Modified atmosphere packaging technology: a review. J Sci Food Agric 67:143–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Clarke R, De Moor CP (1997) Intelligent polymers for packaging fresh produce. Flex Pak ‘97. 4th worldwide flexible packaging conference. March 18–19, Chicago

  39. Coles R (2003) Plastic in food packaging. In: Coles R, Mcdowell D, Kirwan MI (eds) Food packaging technology. Blackwell Publishing, CRC Press, London, UK, pp 1–31

  40. Combrink JC, De-Kock SL, Van-Ecden CJ (2004) Effect of postharvest treatment and packaging on the keeping quality of fresh guava fruit. Acta Hortic 275:539–645

    Google Scholar 

  41. Couzens EG, Yearsely VE (1956) Plastic in service of man. Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth

    Google Scholar 

  42. Crisosto CH, Garner D, Doyle J, Day KR (1993) Relationship between fruit respiration, bruising susceptibility, and temperature in sweet cherries. HortScience 28(2):132–135

    Google Scholar 

  43. Crosby NT (1981) Food packaging materials—aspect analysis and migration of contaminates. Applied Science Publisher Ltd., London

    Google Scholar 

  44. Das H (2005) Food processing operations analysis. Asian Books Private Limited, New Delhi, p 406

    Google Scholar 

  45. Davies AR (1995) In: Gould GW (ed) Advances in modified atmosphere packaging, new method of food preservation. Blackie, Glasgow, UK, pp 304–320

  46. Del Nobile ME, Licciardello F, Scrocco C, Muratore G, Zappa M (2007) Design of plastic packages for minimally processed fruits. J Food Eng 79:217–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Del Nobile MA, Conte A, Cannarsi M, Sinigaglia M (2008) Use of biodegradable films for prolonging the shelf life of minimally processed lettuce. J Food Eng 85(3):317–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Del-Valle V, Pilar H-M, Ramon C, Rafael G (2009) Optimization of an equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP) for minimally processed mandarin segments. J Food Eng 91:474–481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Exama A, Arul J, Lencki RW, Lee LZ, Toupin C (1993) Suitability of plastic films for modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables. J Food Sci 58(6):1365–1370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Faber JM (1991) Microbiological aspects of modified atmosphere packaging technology—a review. J Food Protect 54:58–70

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fernando G-L, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Herrero-Barbudo C, Sanchez-Moreno C, de Ancos B, Martinez JA, Perez-Sacristan B, Blanco-Navarro I (2008) Modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) does not affect the bioavailability of tocopherols and carotenoids from broccoli in humans: a cross-over study. Food Chem 106:1070–1076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fishman S, Rodov Ben-Yehoshua V (1996) Mathematical model for perforation effect of oxygen and water vapor dynamics in modified atmosphere packages. J Food Sci 61(5):956–961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Fonseca SC, Oliveira FAR, Lino IBM, Brecht JK, Chau KV (2000) Modeling O2 and CO2 exchange for development of perforation mediated modified atmosphere packaging. J Food Eng 43(1):9–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Fonseca SC, Oliveira FAR, Frias JM, Brecht JK, Chau KV (2002) Modelling respiration rate of shredded Galega kale for development of modified atmosphere packaging. J Food Eng 54(4):299–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Fonseca SC, Oliveira FAR, Brecht JK (2002) Modelling respiration rate of fresh fruits and vegetables for modified atmosphere packages: a review. J Food Eng 52(2):99–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Galdi MR, Nicolais V, Di M, Incarnato L (2008) Production of active PET films: evaluation of scavenging activity. Packag Technol Sci 21(5):257–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Gaspar JW, Couto FAA, Salomao LCC (1997) Effect of low temperature and plastic films on postharvest life of guava (Psidium Guajava L.). Acta Hortic 452:107–114

    Google Scholar 

  58. Geesan JD, Browne KM, Maddison K, Sheperd J, Guaraldi F (1985) Modified atmosphere packaging to extend the shelf life of tomatoes. J Food Technol 20:336–341

    Google Scholar 

  59. Geeson JD, Genge PM, Sharpies RO (1994) The application of polymeric film lining systems for modified atmosphere box packaging of English apples. Postharvest Biol Technol 4:35–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gonzalez-Aguilar G, Ayala-Zavala JF, Ruiz-Cruz S, Acedo-Felix E, Diaz-Cinco ME (2004) Effect of temperature and modified atmosphere packaging on overall quality of fresh-cut bell peppers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 37:817–826

    Google Scholar 

  61. Gorny J (1997) CA’ 97 proceeding, Vol. 5: Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables and MAP. Univ. Calif. Post harvest Hort. Ser. 19

  62. Gorris L, Tauscher B (1999) Quality and safety aspects of novel minimal processing technology. In: Oliveira FAR, Oliveira JC (eds) Processing of foods: quality optimization and process assessment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 325–339

    Google Scholar 

  63. Gorrish LGM, Peppelenbos LW (1992) Modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging to extend the shelf-life of respiring food products. HortTechnology 2:303–309

    Google Scholar 

  64. Goulas AE (2008) Combined effect of chill storage and modified atmosphere packaging on mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) preservation. Packag Technol Sci 21(5):247–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Guan Wen Q, Li C, Xi HL, Feng HY (2004) Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of Fuji apple. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng 20(5):218–221

    Google Scholar 

  66. Heiss R (1970) Principle of food packaging—an international guide. P. Keppler Verlag K., Heusenstamm, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hernandez RJ, Selke SEM, Culture JD (2000) Plastics packaging: properties, processing, applications, and regulations. Hanser, Munich, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hewett EW (1984) Bitter pit reduction in Cox’s orange pippin apple by controlled and modified atmosphere storage. Sci Hortic 23:59–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Iqbal T, Rodrigues FAS, Mahajan PV, Kerry JP (2009) Mathematical modeling of the influence of temperature and gas composition on the respiration rate of shredded carrots. J Food Eng 91:325–332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Irtwange SV (2006) Application of modified atmosphere packaging and related technology in postharvest handling of fresh fruits and vegetables. Agric Eng Int: the CIGR Ejournal. Invited Overview VIII(4):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  71. Jacobsson A, Tim N, Ingegerd S, Karin W (2004) Influence of packaging material and storage condition on the sensory quality of broccoli. Food Qual Prefer 15:301–310

    Google Scholar 

  72. Jacomino AP, Kluge RA, Sarantopoulos CIGL, Sigrist JMM (2001) Evaluation of plastic packages for guava refrigerated preservation. Packag Technol Sci 14:11–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Jacxsens L, Devlieghhere F, Debevere J (1999) Validation of a systematic approach to design equilibrium modified atmosphere packages for fresh-cut produce. Lebensm Wiss Technol 32:425–432

    Google Scholar 

  74. Jacxsens L, Devlieghere F, De Rudder T, Debevere J (2000) Designing equilibrium modified atmosphere packages for fresh-cut vegetables subjected to changes in temperature. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. 33:178–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Jaya L (2005) Technology development for production of vacuum dried coconut milk powder. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

  76. Jayas DS, Jeyamkondan S (2002) Modified atmosphere storage of grain meat fruit and vegetables. Biosyst Eng 82(3):235–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Jiang Y, Yuebiao L, Jianrong L (2004) Browning control, shelf life extension and quality maintenance of frozen litchi fruit by hydrochloric acid. J Food Eng 63:147–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Kader AA (1995) Regulation of fruits physiology by controlled and modified atmosphere. Acta Hortic 398:59–70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Kader AA (1997) A summary of CA requirements and recommendations for fruits other than apples and pears. In: Kader A (ed) Fruits other than apples and pears. Postharvest Hort. Series No. 17, Univ. Calif., Davis, CA, CA’97 Proc. vol 2, pp 1–36

  80. Kader AA, Watkins CB (2001) Modified atmosphere packaging—toward 2000 and beyond. HortTechnology 10(3):483–486

    Google Scholar 

  81. Kader AA, Zagory D, Kerbel EL (1989) Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 28:1–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Karel M, Fennema OW, Lund DB (1975) Protective packaging of foods. In: Fennema OW (ed) Principle of food science. Marcel Dekker, Inc, USA, p 474

  83. Kim KM, Ko JA, Lee JS, d Park HJ, Hanna MA (2006) Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life of coated, whole and sliced mushrooms. LWT 39:364–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kirklanda BS, Clarkeb R, Paula DR (2008) A versatile membrane system for bulk storage and shipping of produce in a modified atmosphere. J Memb Sci 324:119–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kirwan MJ, Strawbridge JW (2003) Plastics in food packaging. In: Coles R, McDowells D, Kirwan MJ (eds) Food packaging technology. U.K. Blackwell Publishing, CRC Press, London, pp 4–8

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kong D (1997) Food packaging materials. In: Brody AL, Marsh KS (eds) The Wiley encyclopedia of packaging technology. Wiley, New York, p 407

  87. Koros WJ (1989). Barriers polymers and structures. ACS symposium series, 197th national meeting of American Chemical Society, April 9–14, Dallas, TX, USA, pp 1–8

  88. Kupferman E (1995) Cherry temperature management. Tree Fruit Postharvest J 6(1):3–6

    Google Scholar 

  89. Labthink (2008) Labthink instruments Co., Ltd., China, http://www.labthink.net/

  90. Laffin C, Forristal PD, O’Kiely P (2009) Evolution of CO2 permeation properties of LDPE/LLDPE films upon uni-axial stretching. Packag Technol Sci 22:9–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Lambden AE, Chadwick D, Gill CO (1985) Oxygen permeability at subzero temperature of plastic film used for vacuum packaging of meat. J Food Sci Tech 20(6):781–783

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lange DL (2000) New film technologies for horticultural commodities. HortTechnology 10(3):487–490

    Google Scholar 

  93. Lee DS, Hagger PE, Lee J, Yam KL (1991) Model for fresh produce respiration in modified atmosphere based on principles of enzyme kinetics. J Food Sci 56(6):1580–1585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lee KE, Jin KH, Soon AD, Soon LE, Sun LD (2008) Effectiveness of modified atmosphere packaging in preserving a prepared ready-to-eat food. Packag Technol Sci 21(7):417–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Mahajan PV, Oliveira FAR, Montanez JC, Frias J (2007) Development of user-friendly software for design of modified atmosphere packaging for fresh and fresh-cut produce. Innov Food Science Emerg Technol 8:84–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Mahajan PV, Oliveira FAR, Montanez JC, Iqbal T (2008) Packaging design for fresh produce: an engineering approach. New Food (1):35–36

  97. Mahajan PV, Sousa-Gallagher MJ, Yuan B, Patel HA, Oliveira JC (2009) Development of web-based software for MAP design. An oral presentation delivered in 10th international controlled and modified atmosphere research conference, Antalya, Turkey

  98. Maier C (1998) Polypropylene the definite user’s guide and data book. Plastic Design Library, Norwich, New York

    Google Scholar 

  99. Mangaraj S, Goswami TK (2008) Respiration rate modelling of royal delicious apple at different temperature. Fresh Prod 2(2):72–80

    Google Scholar 

  100. Mannapperuma JD, Zagory D, Singh RP, Kader AA (1989) Design of polymeric packages for modified atmosphere storage of fresh produce. In: Fellman JK (ed) Proceedings of the 5th international controlled atmosphere research conference. Wenatchee, WA, USA, pp 1, 225–233

  101. Mark HF (1985) Encyclopedia for polymer science and engineering, vol 2, 2nd edn. John Willey and Sons, New York, pp 177–192

    Google Scholar 

  102. Marsh K, Bugusu B (2007) Food packaging—roles, materials, and environmental issues. J Food Sci 72(3):R39–R54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Martinez-Romero D, Serrano M, Guillen F, Castillo S, Valero D (2007) Tools to maintain postharvest fruit and vegetable quality through the inhibition of ethylene action: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 47:543–560

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Martinez-Romeroa D, Guillena F, Castillo S, Zapataa PJ, Serranob M, Valeroa D (2009) Development of a carbon-heat hybrid ethylene scrubber for fresh horticultural produce storage purposes. Postharvest Biol Technol 51:200–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Massey LK (2003) Permeability properties of plastics and elastomers. A guide to packaging and barrier materials. Published in the United State of America by Plastic Design Laboratory/William Andrew Publishing 13 Eaton Avenue Norwich, New York

  106. Merts I, Cleland DJ, Banks NH, Cleland AC (1993) Mathematical model of a modified atmosphere packaging system for horticultural produce. Sci Tech Froid 3:440–447

    Google Scholar 

  107. Miles DC, Bistons JH (1965) Polymer technology. Chemical Publishing Co. Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  108. Miller WR, Spalding DH, Hale PW (1986) Film wrapping mangoes at advancing stages of post harvest ripening. Tropic Sci 26:6–11

    Google Scholar 

  109. Mizutani Y (1989) Microporous polypropylene sheets. Ind Eng Chem Res 32:221–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Mohamed S, Ma Ma Kyi K, Yusof S (1994) Effects of various surface treatments on the storage life of guava (Psidium Guajava L.) at 10°C. J Sci Food Agric 66:9–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Mohamed S, Taufik B, Karim MNA (1996) Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the physicochemical characteristics of ciku (Achras sapota L) at various storage temperatures. J Sci Food Agric 70:231–240

    Google Scholar 

  112. Montero-Calderona M, Rojas-Graub MA, Olga M-B (2008) Effect of packaging conditions on quality and shelf-life of fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus). Postharvest Biol Technol 50:82–189

    Google Scholar 

  113. Mount E, Wagner J (1997) Interaction between product and package. In: Brody AL, Marsh KS (eds) The Wiley encyclopedia of packaging technology. New York, NY, p 415

  114. Moyls AL, McKenzie D-L, Hocking RP, Toivonen PMA, Delaquis P, Girard B, Mazza G (1998) Variability in O2, CO2, and H2O transmission rates among commercial polyethylene films for modified atmosphere packaging. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng 41(5):1441–1446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Nemphos SP, Salame M, Steingiser S (1976) Barrier polymers. In: Mark HF, Bikales NM (eds) Encyl. polymer science technology, Supplement vol 1. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 65–95

  116. Newton J (1997) Properties of packages and packaging material. In: Brody AL, Marsh KS (eds) The Wiley encyclopedia of packaging technology. New York, NY p 408

  117. Nichols R, Hammond JBW (1975) The relationship between respiration, atmosphere and quality in intact and perforated mushroom prepacks. J Food Technol 10:424–429

    Google Scholar 

  118. Ooraikul B, Stiles ME (1991) Modified atmosphere packaging of food. Ellis Horwood, UK

    Google Scholar 

  119. Pablo JF-T, Obando-Ulloaa JM, Martínezb JA, Morenoc E, Garcia-Masc J, Monfortec AJ (2008) Climacteric and non-climacteric behavior in melon fruit 2. Linking climacteric pattern and main postharvest disorders and decay in a set of near-isogenic lines. Postharvest Biol Technol 50:125–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Parry RT (1993) Packaging requirement of fruits and vegetables. In: Parry RT (ed) Principles and application of modified atmosphere packaging of food. Blacki, Glasgow, UK, pp 1–18

  121. Paul DR, Clarke R (2002) Modeling of modified atmosphere packaging based on designs with a membrane and perforations. J Membrane Sci 208:269–283

    Google Scholar 

  122. Paull RE, Chen JN (1987) Effect of storage temperature and wrapping on quality characteristics of litchi fruit. Sci Hortic 33:223–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Peppelenbos HW, Leven J (1996) Evaluation of four types of inhibition for modelling the influence of carbon dioxide on oxygen consumption fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biol Technol 7:27–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Pereira LM, Rodrigues ACC, Sarantopoulos CIGL, Junqueira VCA, Cunha RL, Hubinger MD (2004) Influence of modified atmosphere packaging and osmotic dehydration on the quality maintenance of minimally processed guavas. J Food Sci 69(4):1107–1111

    Google Scholar 

  125. Pesis E, Orit D, Oleg F, Ben AR, Miriam A, Amnon L (2002) Production of acetaldehyde and ethanol during maturation and modified atmosphere storage of litchi fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 26:157–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Peter DP, Dennis WJ, Arman S, Arthur CC (2002) Modified atmosphere packaging of sweet cherry (Prunus avum L., ev. ‘Sams’) fruit: metabolic responses to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature. Postharvest Biol Technol 24:259–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Pino M, Duckett RA, Ward IM (2005) Single and mixed gas diffusion through polyethylene films. Polymer 46:4882–4890

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Pires ACS, Soares NFF, Andrade NJ, Henrique L, Silva LHM, Camilloto GP, Bernardes PC (2008) Development and evaluation of active packaging for sliced mozzarella preservation. Packag Technol Sci 21(7):375–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Prasad M (1995) Development of modified atmosphere packaging system with permselective films for storage of red delicious apples. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

  130. Rediers H, Marijke C, Luc P, Willemsa KA (2009) Evaluation of the cold chain of fresh-cut endive from farmer to plate. Postharvest Biol Technol 51:257–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Renault P, Souty M, Chambroy Y (1994) Gas exchange in modified atmosphere packaging. 1: a new theoretical approach for micro-perforated packs. Int J Food Sci Tech 29:365–378

    Google Scholar 

  132. Richardson DG, Kupferman E (1997) Controlled atmosphere storage of pears. In: Mitcham EJ (ed) Apples and pears. Postharvest Hort. Series No. 16, Univ. Calif., Davis, CA, CA’97 Proc. vol 2, pp 31–35

  133. Rij RE, Ross SR (1987) Quality retention of fresh broccoli packaged in plastic films of defined CO2 transmission rates. Packag Technol 22(May–June):14–18

    Google Scholar 

  134. Rocha AMCN, Barreiro MG, Morais AMMB (2004) Modified atmosphere package for apple ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’. J Food Control 15(1):61–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Sacharow S, Griffin RC (1980) Principles of food packaging, 2nd edn. AVI Publishing, Westport, CT

    Google Scholar 

  136. Saguy I, Mannheirn CH (1975) The effect of selected plastic films and chemical dips on the shelf life of marmande tomatoes. J Food Technol 10:544–549

    Google Scholar 

  137. Salame M (1986) Prediction of gas barrier properties of high polymers. Polym Eng Sci 26(22):1543–1546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Saltveit ME (1993) A summary of CA and MA requirements and recommendations for the storage of harvested vegetables. In: Blanpied GD, Barstch JA, Hicks JR (eds) Proceedings of the sixth international controlled atmosphere research conference. New York, USA, pp 2, 800–818

  139. Saltveit ME (1997) A summary of CA and MA requirements and recommendations for harvested vegetables. In Saltveit ME (ed) In: Proceedings of the 7th international controlled atmosphere research conference, vol 4, pp 98–117, Davis, CA, USA

  140. Sanz C, Perez AG, Olias R, Olias JM (2000) Modified atmosphere packaging of strawberry fruit: Effect of package perforation on oxygen and carbon dioxide. Food Sci Technol Int 6(1):33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Selke SEM (1997) Understanding plastics packaging technology. Hanser, Munich, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  142. Serrano M, Martinez-Romero D, Guillen F, Castillo S, Valero D (2006) Maintenance of broccoli quality and functional properties during cold storage as affected by modified atmosphere packaging. Postharvest Biol Technol 39:61–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Shengmin L (2009) Effects of bactericides and modified atmosphere packaging on shelf-life of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). LWT—Food Sci Technol 42:286–291

    Google Scholar 

  144. Shirazi A, Cameron AC (1992) Controlling relative humidity in modified atmosphere packages of tomato fruit. HortScience 27:336–339

    Google Scholar 

  145. Shoji K, Shi J (2007) Microbial and quality evaluation of green peppers stored in biodegradable film packaging. Food Control 18:1121–1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Siracusa V, Rocculib P, Romanib S, Rosa MD (2008) Biodegradable polymers for food packaging: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 19:634–643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Sivakumar D, Arrebola E, Korsten L (2008) Postharvest decay control and quality retention in litchi (cv. McLean’s red) by combined application of modified atmosphere packaging and antimicrobial agents. Crop Prot 27:1208–1214

    Google Scholar 

  148. Sivakumar D, Korsten L (2006) Influence of modified atmosphere packaging and post harvest treatments on quality retention of litchi cv. Mauritius. Postharvest Biol Technol 41:135–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Smith S, Geeson J, Stow J (1987) Production of modified atmosphere in deciduous fruits by the use of films and coatings. Hortic Sci 22:772–776

    Google Scholar 

  150. Smith SM, Geeson JD, Genge PM (1988) Effects of harvest date on the responses of discovery apples to modified atmosphere retail packaging. Int J Food Sci Technol 23:78–86

    Google Scholar 

  151. Sunjka PS, Nieuwenhof F, Raghavan GSV (2003) Extension of storage life of guava using silicon membrane system. Written for presentation at the CSAE/SCGR 2003 meeting Montreal, Quebec July 6–9, 2003

  152. Talasila PC, Cameron AC (1993) Prediction equations for gases in flexible modified atmosphere packages of respiring produce are different than those for rigid packages. J Food Sci 62:923–934

    Google Scholar 

  153. Tano K, Mathias KO, Gilles D, Robert WL, Joseph A (2007) Comparative evaluation of the effect of storage temperature fluctuation on modified atmosphere packages of selected fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biol Tec 46:212–221

    Google Scholar 

  154. Techavises N, Hikida Y (2008) Development of a mathematical model for simulating gas and water vapor exchanges in modified atmosphere packaging with macroscopic perforations. J Food Eng 85:94–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Tharantharan RN (2003) Biodegradable films and composite costing: past, present and future. Trends Food Sci Technol 14(3):71–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Tian S-P, Li B-Q, Xu Y (2005) Effect of O2 and CO2 concentrations on physiology and quality of litchi fruits in storage. Food Chem 91(2005):659–663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Tolle WE (1962) Variables affecting film permeability requirements for modified-atmosphere storage of apple. USDA Tech. Bull., pp 1418–1429

  158. Valero D, Valverde JM, Martınez-Romero D, Guillen F, Castillo S, Serrano M (2006) The combination of modified atmosphere packaging with eugenol or thymol to maintain quality, safety and functional properties of table grapes. Postharvest Biol Technol 41:317–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Van der Steen C, Jacxsens L, Devlieghere F, Debevere J (2001) A combination of high oxygen atmosphere and equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging to improve the keeping quality of red fruits. Information Hyperlinked over protein (IHOP) 12:17–23

    Google Scholar 

  160. Van Willige RWG, Linssen JPH, Meinders MBJ, Van der Steger HJ, Voragen AGI (2002) Indfluence of flavor absorption on oxygen permeation through LDPE, pp, PC and PET plastic food packaging. Food Addit Contam 19(3):303–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Watada AE, Kim SD, Kim KS, Haris TC (1987) Quality of green beans, bell peppers and spinach stored in polyethylene bags. J Food Sci 526:1369–1635

    Google Scholar 

  162. Yam KL, Lee DS (1995) Design of modified atmosphere packaging for fresh produce. In: Rooney ML (ed) Active food packaging. Blackie Academic and Professional, New Zealand, p 55

    Google Scholar 

  163. Yasuda H, Clark HG, Stannett V (1968) Permeability. Encyl Polym Sci Technol 9:794–807

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Yoshio M, Takashi H (1997) Modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce with a biodegradable laminate of chitosan-cellulose and polycaprolactone. Postharvest Biol Technol 10:247–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. Zagory D (1998) An update on modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce. Packaging International, http://www.nsf.org/business/nsf_davis_fresh/articles_map.pdf

  166. Zagory D, Davis CA (1997) Advances in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of fresh produce. Perishables Handling Newsletter 90:2–4

  167. Zagory D, Hurst WC (eds) (1996) Food safety guidelines for the fresh-cut produce industry, 3rd edn. International Fresh-cut Produce Association, 125 pp

  168. Zagory D, Kader AA (1988) Modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce. Food Technol 42(9):70–77

    Google Scholar 

  169. Zheng Y, Zhenfeng Y, Xuehong C (2008) Effect of high oxygen atmospheres on fruit decay and quality in Chinese bayberries, strawberries and blueberries. Food Control 19:470–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India

    S. Mangaraj & T. K. Goswami

  2. Department of Process and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College, Cork, Ireland

    P. V. Mahajan

  3. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, MP, India

    S. Mangaraj

Authors
  1. S. Mangaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. K. Goswami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. V. Mahajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. K. Goswami.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mangaraj, S., Goswami, T.K. & Mahajan, P.V. Applications of Plastic Films for Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review. Food Eng. Rev. 1, 133–158 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-009-9007-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-009-9007-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation