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Assessment of groundwater vulnerability mapping using AHP method in coastal watershed of shrimp farming area

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Abstract

Groundwater regions in coastal aquifers are highly vulnerable with increase in urbanization, industrialization and sea water intrusion. The present study attempts to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater in a coastal watershed of shrimp farming areas. The study area is categorized in the GIS-based AHP environment into three ranges (high, medium, and low vulnerability) using various groundwater parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium percentage (Na%), total hardness (TH), revelle coefficient, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and their recommended limits. GIS-based AHP weighted index overlay analysis technique has been proven to be a powerful tool to evaluate the distribution of groundwater vulnerability in the study area. The high vulnerable areas were noted in downstream with a strong contamination of the seawater intrusion along the coastal zone and in proximity of the river. Multivariate statistical techniques are also applied to identify and assess the groundwater vulnerability of the study area. The factor analysis revealed that groundwater quality is strongly affected by rock–water interaction, saline water intrusion, and anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution map of factor-scores showed the gradual variation in groundwater geochemistry from the western part (upstream) to the eastern part (downstream) of the river. The results from the present study revealed that shrimp farming areas have very least or no impact on the groundwater of the region.

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Acknowledgments

The corresponding author is thankful for financial support in the form of Senior Research Fellowship from Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of India, New Delhi, India. The authors sincerely thank to Dr. P. Ravichandran, former Head, CCD Division, and Dr. A.G. Ponniah, former Director, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA), for providing facilities for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Oromia region, P.O. Box No: 144, Ethiopia

    Gangadharan R

  2. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome high road, Chennai, 600028, India

    Nila Rekha P

  3. Department of Mining Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India

    Vinoth S

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  1. Gangadharan R
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  2. Nila Rekha P
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  3. Vinoth S
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Correspondence to Gangadharan R.

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R, G., P, N. & S, V. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability mapping using AHP method in coastal watershed of shrimp farming area. Arab J Geosci 9, 107 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2230-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2230-8

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