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Causes, characterization, damage models, and constitutive modes for rock damage analysis: a review

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Abstract

The analysis of damage process and the characterization of damaged rock masses through numerical models are the most difficult and challenging tasks in geotechnical engineering. This review paper describes and collects information regarding the causes of damage in the rocks and damage models (constitutive and hybrid damage models) for rock damage analysis. The main objective of this review is to discuss the causes of damage process, characterization, constitutive modes, and impact of natural changes on the selection of damage model. The review suggests that releasable strain energy, crack propagation and coalescence, joints, natural changes, and engineering disturbance are the main causes of rock fracture and damage. Most studies showed that a wider range of rock mass characterization will be required to create an ideal numerical model due to the rock reality, inelasticity, fractures, anisotropy, and inhomogeneity. Hybrid models are more efficient computationally as compared with the constitutive models. The review concludes that numerical models are also applicable tools to understand damage scale, damage degree and type, damage location, and damage occurrence time in the rocks.

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Funding

This work was conducted with supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51474050 and U1602232), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N170108029), Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant Nos. 20170540304; 20170520341), and the Research and Development Project of China Construction Stock Technology (CSCEC-2016-Z-20-8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Zulkifl Ahmed, Shuhong Wang, Zhang Zishan & Zhu Chengjin

  2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

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  1. Zulkifl Ahmed
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  2. Shuhong Wang
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  3. Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
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  4. Zhang Zishan
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  5. Zhu Chengjin
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Correspondence to Zulkifl Ahmed or Shuhong Wang.

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Ahmed, Z., Wang, S., Hashmi, M.Z. et al. Causes, characterization, damage models, and constitutive modes for rock damage analysis: a review. Arab J Geosci 13, 806 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05755-3

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