Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mapping spatial distribution of pollutants in groundwater of a tropical area of India using remote sensing and GIS

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Applied Geomatics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fresh and clean water is a vital commodity of need for the well-being of human societies, and damage of these aquifers is one of the most serious environmental problems of the past century. The regular monitoring and management of groundwater resources is very important for the sustainable development. The present study monitors the groundwater quality relation to the land use/land cover (LULC) using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Physico-chemical analysis data of groundwater samples collected at different locations forms the attribute database for the study. LULC categories, such as agricultural and built-up area, associated with human activities, incorporated maximum change in groundwater quality. In this study, weighting analysis of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Land Cover Index (LCI) have been performed to map the Suitability Index (SI) of water for drinking purpose in the area. Spatial interpolation technique was used for generation of pollution potentiality map of the area. Cluster analysis was performed for delineating and grouping the similar pollution causing area. The overall view of the results indicates that most of the study area exhibited very low SI for the drinking purpose due to very high groundwater pollution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • APHA (1985) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. WPCF American Public Health Association, American Water Workers Association, Water Pollution Control Federation

  • Basnyat P, Teeter L, Lockaby B, Flynn K (2000) The use of remote sensing and GIS in watershed level analyses of non-point source pollution problems. For Ecol Manage 128(1–2):65–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basnyat P, Teeter LD, Flynn KM, Lockaby BG (1999) Relationships between landscape characteristics and nonpoint source pollution inputs to coastal estuaries. Environ Manage 23(4):539–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behera S, Panda R (2006) Evaluation of management alternatives for an agricultural watershed in a sub-humid subtropical region using a physical process based model. Agricult Ecosyst Environ 113(1–4):62–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaduri B, Minner M, Tatalovich S, Harbor J (2001) Long-term hydrologic impact of urbanization: a tale of two models. J Water Resour Plann Manage 127(1):13–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruland KW, Franks George A, Robert P (1979) Sampling and analytical methods for the determination of copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel at the nanogram per liter level in sea water. Anal Chim Acta 105:233–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrol D (1962) Rain water as a chemical agent of geologic processes. A review. US Geol Surv Water Supply Pap, 97–104

  • Chang K (2002) Introduction to geographic information systems. New York

  • Chatterjee R, Tarafder G, Paul S (2010) Groundwater quality assessment of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India. B Eng Geol Environ 69(1):137–141. doi:10.1007/s10064-009-0234-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdary V, Ramakrishnan D, Srivastava Y, Chandran V, Jeyaram A (2009) Integrated water resource development plan for sustainable management of Mayurakshi watershed, India using remote sensing and GIS. Water Resour Manage 23(8):1581–1602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury A, Jha MK, Chowdary V (2010) Delineation of groundwater recharge zones and identification of artificial recharge sites in West Medinipur district, West Bengal, using RS, GIS and MCDM techniques. Environ Earth Sci 59(6):1209–1222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eastman JR, Worcester M (2001) Guide to GIS and image processing, Volume 2. Idrisi Manual

  • Fewtrell L (2004) Drinking-water nitrate, methemoglobinemia, and global burden of disease: a discussion. Environ Health Perspect 112(14):1371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta M, Srivastava PK (2010) Integrating GIS and remote sensing for identification of groundwater potential zones in the hilly terrain of Pavagarh, Gujarat, India. Water Int 35(2):233–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanratty MP, Stefan HG (1998) Simulating climate change effects in a Minnesota agricultural watershed. J Environ Qual 27(6):1524–1532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges LV, Olkin I (1985) Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hespanhol I, Prost A (1994) WHO guidelines and national standards for reuse and water quality. Water Res 28(1):119–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaiswal R, Mukherjee S, Krishnamurthy J, Saxena R (2003) Role of remote sensing and GIS techniques for generation of groundwater prospect zones towards rural development—an approach. Int J Remote Sens 24(5):993–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaiswal RK, Saxena R, Mukherjee S (1999) Application of remote sensing technology for land use/land cover change analysis. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 27(2):123–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jha MK, Chowdary V, Chowdhury A (2010) Groundwater assessment in Salboni Block, West Bengal (India) using remote sensing, geographical information system and multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. Hydrogeol J 1–16

  • Johnson R, Wichern D (2002) Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ, Corporation E (1990) Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis, vol. 39. Wiley Online Library

  • Kaurish FW, Younos T (2007) Developing a standardized water quality index for evaluating surface water quality. J Am Water Resour As 43(2):533–545. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00042.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazi T, Arain M, Jamali M, Jalbani N, Afridi H, Sarfraz R, Baig J, Shah AQ (2009) Assessment of water quality of polluted lake using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72(2):301–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner DN, Harris B (2009) The relationship between land use and groundwater resources and quality. Land Use Policy 26:S265–S273. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lillesand TM, Kiefer RW, Chipman JW (2004) Remote sensing and image interpretation. vol Ed. 5. Wiley

  • Mukherjee S (2008) Role of satellite sensors in groundwater exploration. Sensors 8(3):2006–2016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Sashtri S, Gupta M, Pant MK, Singh C, Singh SK, Srivastava PK, Sharma KK (2007) Integrated water resource management using remote sensing and geophysical techniques: Aravali quartzite, Delhi, India. J Environ Hydrol 15

  • Mukherjee S, Shashtri S, Singh C, Srivastava PK, Gupta M (2009) Effect of canal on land use/land cover using remote sensing and GIS. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 37(3):527–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagelkerke NJD (1991) A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika 78(3):691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neely KW (2005) Nitrate overview for the statewide ambient ground water quality monitoring program, 1990–2003. Idaho Dept. of Water Resources

  • Patel DP, Dholakia MB, Naresh N, Srivastava PK (in press) Water harvesting structure positioning by using geo-visualization concept and prioritization of mini-watersheds through morphometric analysis in the Lower Tapi Basin. J Indian Soc Remote Sens. doi:10.1007/s12524-011-0147-6

  • Rai SC, Sharma E (1998) Comparative assessment of runoff characteristics under different land use patterns within a Himalayan watershed. Hydrol Process 12(13–14):2235–2248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon BR, Reedy RC, Stonestrom DA, Prudic DE, Dennehy KF (2005) Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US. Global Change Biol 11(10):1577–1593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder HA (1960) Relations between hardness of water and death rates from certain chronic and degenerative diseases in the United States. J Chronic Dis 12(6):586–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott A, Knott M (1974) A cluster analysis method for grouping means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics 30(3):507–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sener E, Davraz A, Ozcelik M (2005) An integration of GIS and remote sensing in groundwater investigations: a case study in Burdur, Turkey. Hydrogeol J 13(5):826–834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha S, Kazama F (2007) Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environ Modell Software 22(4):464–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuval HI, Gruener N (1977) Infant methemoglobinemia and other health effects of nitrates in drinking water. Prog Water Technol 8(4–5):183

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Malik A, Mohan D, Sinha S (2004) Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)—a case study. Water Res 38(18):3980–3992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SK, Singh CK, Kumar KS, Gupta R, Mukherjee S (2009) Spatial-temporal monitoring of groundwater using multivariate statistical techniques in Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India. J Hydrol Hydromech 57(1):45–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SK, Singh CK, Mukherjee S (2010) Impact of land-use and land-cover change on groundwater quality in the Lower Shiwalik hills: a remote sensing and GIS based approach. Central Eur J Geosci 2(2):124–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava PK, Kiran G, Gupta M, Sharma N, Prasad K (2012) A atudy on distribution of heavy metal contamination in the vegetables using GIS and analytical technique. Int J Ecol Dev 21(1):89–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava PK, Mukherjee S, Gupta M (2008) Groundwater quality assessment and its relation to land use/land cover using remote sensing and GIS. pp 19–22

  • Srivastava PK, Mukherjee S, Gupta M, Singh S (2011) Characterizing monsoonal variation on water quality index of river Mahi in India using Geographical Information System. Water Qual Expos Health:1–11

  • Srivastava PK, Mukherjee S, Gupta M (2010) Impact of urbanization on land use/land cover change using remote sensing and GIS: a case study. Int J Ecol Econ Stat 18(S10):106–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Štambuk-Giljanovi N (1999) Water quality evaluation by index in Dalmatia. Water Res 33(16):3423–3440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stigter T, Ribeiro L, Carvalho Dill A (2006) Application of a groundwater quality index as an assessment and communication tool in agro-environmental policies-two Portuguese case studies. J Hydrol 327(3–4):578–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur JK, Srivastava PK, Singh S, Vekerdy Z (in press) Ecological monitoring of wetlands in semi-arid region of Konya closed Basin, Turkey. Reg Environ Change 1–12. doi:10.1007/s10113-011-0241-x

  • Tiwari T, Mishra M (1985) A preliminary assignment of water quality index of major Indian rivers. Indian J Environ Protect 5(4):276–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Tong STY, Chen W (2002) Modeling the relationship between land use and surface water quality. J Environ Manage 66(4):377–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tryon CMC (1939) Evaluations of adolescent personality by adolescents. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 4(4)

  • Tweed SO, Leblanc M, Webb JA, Lubczynski MW (2007) Remote sensing and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge and discharge areas in salinity prone catchments, southeastern Australia. Hydrogeol J 15(1):75–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vermunt JK, Magidson J (2002) Latent class cluster analysis. In Applied latent class analysis. pp 89–106

  • Xiuwan C (2002) Using remote sensing and GIS to analyse land cover change and its impacts on regional sustainable development. Int J Remote Sens 23(1):107–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlin DA, Diàz MP, Amé MV, Pesce SF, Hued AC, Bistoni MA (2001) Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquía River Basin (Córdoba-Argentina). Water Res 35(12):2881–2894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh HF, Lee CH, Hsu KC, Chang PH (2009) GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone. Environ Geol 58(1):185–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the chief editor and anonymous reviewers for their illuminating comments. Authors are also grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, for providing the necessary data and funding this project. The first author is grateful to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, for providing the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). We are also grateful to the dean of the School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, for providing us all the necessary laboratory facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK

    Prashant K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, NVPAS, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat, 388120, India

    Prashant K. Srivastava

  3. Water Resource Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Manika Gupta

  4. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Saumitra Mukherjee

  5. Water and Environment Management Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK

    Prashant K. Srivastava

Authors
  1. Prashant K. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manika Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saumitra Mukherjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prashant K. Srivastava.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Srivastava, P.K., Gupta, M. & Mukherjee, S. Mapping spatial distribution of pollutants in groundwater of a tropical area of India using remote sensing and GIS. Appl Geomat 4, 21–32 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-011-0072-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-011-0072-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation