Abstract
Topological properties of DNA influence its structure and biochemical interactions. Within the cell, DNA topology is constantly in flux. Transcription and other essential processes, including DNA replication and repair, not only alter the topology of the genome but also introduce additional complications associated with DNA knotting and catenation. These topological perturbations are counteracted by the action of topoisomerases, a specialized class of highly conserved and essential enzymes that actively regulate the topological state of the genome. This dynamic interplay among DNA topology, DNA processing enzymes, and DNA topoisomerases is a pervasive factor that influences DNA metabolism in vivo. Building on the extensive structural and biochemical characterization over the past four decades that has established the fundamental mechanistic basis of topoisomerase activity, scientists have begun to explore the unique roles played by DNA topology in modulating and influencing the activity of topoisomerases. In this review we survey established and emerging DNA topology-dependent protein–DNA interactions with a focus on in vitro measurements of the dynamic interplay between DNA topology and topoisomerase activity.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (HL001056) and by the Human Frontiers Science Program (RGY0072/2010). We thank Lynda Bradly for comments on the manuscript. We thank the anonymous referees for their suggestions and comments on the manuscript.
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Yeonee Seol declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Keir C. Neuman declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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This article is a contribution to Special Issue “DNA Supercoiling” but has already been published in BREV, September 2016, Volume 8, Issue 3, pp 221–231, DOI 10.1007/s12551-016-0206-x.
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Seol, Y., Neuman, K.C. The dynamic interplay between DNA topoisomerases and DNA topology. Biophys Rev 8 (Suppl 1), 101–111 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-016-0240-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-016-0240-8