Evidence-based health and clinical informatics: a systematic review on randomized controlled trials

Towards the provision of medical research and eHealth services, several Health Information Technology (HIT) platforms are blended with communication and software technologies (i.e. mobile and Web applications, wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things and cloud computing). However, an important research issue is whether and to what degree these technologies are efficiently and effectively integrated into medical practice. Accordingly, this study reviews recent literature on HITs that employ RCTs, which are acknowledged as a reliable solution by the community of health stakeholders. Furthermore, it examines the research efforts in the field and evaluates the relevant functionalities. The literature search strategy was based on PRISMA 2009 Checklist and the CONSORT-EHEALTH Checklist that are two standard methodologies for systematic reviews in Evidence Based Medicine and Health Information Technologies. The analysis of the studies included was performed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The sources considered in this research include the most common clinical trial registries and academic electronic databases. The studies considered were conducted from 2008 until 2016. The authors considered RCTs having published their results in at least one article. As a result, 55 articles from 42 different journals are considered in this review. The benefits of the HIT delivered interventions are clearly presented in the outcomes of the relevant studies. Significant improvements were observed in the findings of 31 trials from a total of 51 (60.78%) including the acceptance, satisfaction, reliability, usefulness, safety, effectiveness and financial benefit of HITs. The results of this review reveal that HIT and eHealth interventions achieve at least equally reliable and safe outcomes compared with the usual support methods of healthcare. Significantly encouraging results are noticed in interventions employing HIT over several healthcare fields.