Abstract
It is well known that avascular tumours only grow to a limited size before metabolic demands are impeded due to the diffusion limit of oxygen and other nutrients. For continued growth the tumour switches to an angiogenic phenotype that induces sprouting of new blood vessels from the surrounding medium. Sprouting angiogenesis is the most widely studied aspect of neovascular growth and has been modelled from several mathematical points of view. In this paper we propose a new underlying theme, which unifies a number of the existing techniques employed to model angiogenesis. The basic formulation is in terms of stochastic differential equations. The ideas discussed have wide application, particularly in the validation of models of vessel cooption, vasculogenic mimicry and lymphangiogenesis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson A.R.A., Sleeman B.D., Young I.M., Griffiths B.S. and Robertson W., Nematode movement along a gradient in a structurally heterogeneous environment II: Theory, Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 20, 165–172 (1997)
Burri P.H., Hlushchuk R. and Djonov V.G., Intussusceptive angiogenesis: Its emergence, its characteristics and its significance, Development Dynamics, 231, 474–488 (2004)
Chaplain M.A.J. and Anderson A.R.A.,Modelling the growth and form of capillary networks, In: On growth and form, (Eds.) Chaplain M.A.J., Singh G.D. and McLachlan J.C., Wiley: New York, 225–249 (1999)
Chaplain M.A.J. and Stuart A.M., A model mechanism for the chemotactic response of endothelial cells to tumour angiogenesis factor, IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol., 10, 149–168 (1993)
Carmeliet P. and Jain R., Angiogenesis in Cancer and other Diseases, Nature, 407, 249–257 (2000)
Ferrara N., Gerber H.P. and LeCouter J., The Biology of VEGF and its Receptors, Nat. Med., 9, 669–676 (2003)
Folberg R. and Maniotis A.J., Vasculogenic mimicry, APMIS, 112, 508–525 (2004)
Folkman J., Role of Angiogenesis in Tumour Growth and Metastasis, Semin. Oncol., 29, 15–18 (2002)
Folkman J., Angiogenesis, Annu. Rev. Med., 57, 1–18 (2006)
Fukumura D. and Jain D., Imaging angiogenesis and the microenvironment, APMIS, 116, 695–715 (2008)
Gardiner C.W., Handbook of Stochastic Methods, Springer-Verlag (1983)
Harper S.J. and Bates D.O., VEGF-A splicing: the key to antiangiogenic therapeutics? Nat. Rev. Cancer, 8, 880–887 (2008)
Heissig B., Hattori K., Dias S., Friedrich M., Ferris B., Hackett N.R., et al., Recruitment of Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Bone Marrow Niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of Kit-ligand, Cell, 109 625–637 (2002)
Hill N.A. and Häder D.P., A Biased Random Walk Model for the Trajectories of Swimming Micro-organisms, J. Theor. Biol., 186, 503–526, (1997)
Hillen F. and Griffioen A.W., Tumour vascularization: Sprouting angiogenesis and beyond, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 26, 489–502, (2007)
Holash J., Maisonpierre P.C., Compton D., Boland P., Alexander C.R, Zagzag D., et al., Vessel Cooption, Regression and Growth in Tumors mediated by Angiopoietins and VEGF, Science, 284, 1994–1998, (1999)
Levine H.A. and Sleeman B.D., A System of Reaction Diffusion Equations arising in the Theory of Reinforced Random Walks, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 57, 683–730, (1997)
Levine H.A., Sleeman B.D. and Nilsen-Hamilton M., Mathematical Modelling of the onset of Capillary formation initiating Angiogenesis, J. Math. Biol., 42, 195–238, (2001)
Levine H.A., Pamuk S., Sleeman B.D. and Nilsen-Hamilton M., A Mathematical Model of Capillary Formation and Development in Tumour Angiogenesis: Penetration into the Stroma, Bull. Math. Biol., 63, 801–863, (2001)
Mil’shtein G.N., Approximate integration of stochastic differential equations, Theory Prob. Appl., 19, 557–562, (1974)
Patan S., Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis, Cancer. Teat. Res., 117, 3–32, (2004)
Pepper M.S. and Skobe M., Lymphatic endothelium: Morphological, molecular and functional properties, Journal of Cell Biology, 163, 209–213, (2003)
Plank M.J. and Sleeman B.D., A Reinforced Random Walk Model of Tumour Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Strategies, IMA J. Math. Med. Biol., 20, 135–181, (2003)
Plank M.J. and Sleeman B.D., Lattice and Non-Lattice Models of Tumour Angiogenesis, Bull. Math. Biol., 66, 1785–1819, (2003)
Risau W., Mechanisms of Angiogenesis, Nature, 386, 671–674, (1997)
Othmer H.G. and Stevens A., Aggregation, Blow-up and Collapse: The ABC’s of Taxis and Reinforced Random Walks, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 57, 1044–1081, (1997)
Sleeman B.D. and Wallis I.P., Tumour Induced Angiogenesis as a Reinforced Random Walk: Modelling Capillary Network Formation without Endothelial Cell Proliferation, J. Math. Comp. Modelling, 36, 339–358, (2002)
Stokes C.L. and Lauffenberger D.A., Analysis of the Roles of Microvessel Endothelial Cell Random Motility and Chemotaxis in Angiogenesis, J. Theor. Biol., 152, 377–403, (1991)
Stokes C.L., Lauffenberger D.A. and Williams S.K., Migration of Individual Microvessel Endothelial Cells: Stochastic Model and Parameter Measurement, J. Cell. Sci., 99, 419–430, (1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hubbard, M., Jones, P.F. & Sleeman, B.D. The foundations of a unified approach to mathematical modelling of angiogenesis. Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math 1, 43–52 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12572-009-0004-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12572-009-0004-9