Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Business & Information Systems Engineering 1/2016

08.12.2015 | Research Paper

Criteria and Heuristics for Business Process Model Decomposition

Review and Comparative Evaluation

verfasst von: Fredrik Milani, Marlon Dumas, Raimundas Matulevičius, Naved Ahmed, Silva Kasela

Erschienen in: Business & Information Systems Engineering | Ausgabe 1/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

It is generally agreed that large process models should be decomposed into sub-processes in order to enhance understandability and maintainability. Accordingly, a number of process decomposition criteria and heuristics have been proposed in the literature. This paper presents a review of the field revealing distinct classes of criteria and heuristics. The study raises the question of how different decomposition heuristics affect process model understandability and maintainability. To address this question, an experiment is conducted where two different heuristics, one based on breakpoints and the other on data objects, were used to decompose a flat process model. The results of the experiment show that, although there are minor differences, the heuristics cause very similar results in regard to understandability and maintainability as measured by various process model metrics.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Weitere Produktempfehlungen anzeigen
Fußnoten
1
The list of publications can be accessed at http://​sep.​cs.​ut.​ee/​Main/​ProcessDecomposi​tion.
 
2
 
3
The values for the experiment can be accessed at http://​sep.​cs.​ut.​ee/​Main/​ProcessDecomposi​tion.
 
4
The statistical analysis can be accessed at http://​sep.​cs.​ut.​ee/​Main/​ProcessDecomposi​tion.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Antón A, McCracken W, Potts C (1994) Goal decomposition and scenario analysis in business process reengineering. Adv Inform Syst LNCS 811:94–104 Antón A, McCracken W, Potts C (1994) Goal decomposition and scenario analysis in business process reengineering. Adv Inform Syst LNCS 811:94–104
Zurück zum Zitat Burton-Jones A, Meso PN (2004) Conceptualizing systems for understanding: an empirical test of decomposition principles in object oriented analysis. Inf Syst Res 17(1):38–60CrossRef Burton-Jones A, Meso PN (2004) Conceptualizing systems for understanding: an empirical test of decomposition principles in object oriented analysis. Inf Syst Res 17(1):38–60CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cardoso J, Mendling J (2006) A discourse on complexity of process models. Bus Process Manag Workshops LNCS 4103:117–128CrossRef Cardoso J, Mendling J (2006) A discourse on complexity of process models. Bus Process Manag Workshops LNCS 4103:117–128CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Conforti R, Dumas M, García-Bañuelos L, La Rosa M (2014) Beyond tasks and gateways: discovering BPMN models with subprocesses, boundary events and activity markers. Bus Process Manag LNCS 8659:101–117 Conforti R, Dumas M, García-Bañuelos L, La Rosa M (2014) Beyond tasks and gateways: discovering BPMN models with subprocesses, boundary events and activity markers. Bus Process Manag LNCS 8659:101–117
Zurück zum Zitat Daneva M, Heib R, Scheer A (1996) Benchmarking business process models. Technical Report, Saarland University Daneva M, Heib R, Scheer A (1996) Benchmarking business process models. Technical Report, Saarland University
Zurück zum Zitat Davis R (2001) Business process modelling with ARIS: a practical guide. Springer, New YorkCrossRef Davis R (2001) Business process modelling with ARIS: a practical guide. Springer, New YorkCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat De Leoni M, Munoz-Gama J, Carmona J, Van der Aalst WMP (2014) Decomposing alignment-based conformance checking of data-aware process models. In: On the move to meaningful internet systems: OTM 2014 Conferences. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 3–20 De Leoni M, Munoz-Gama J, Carmona J, Van der Aalst WMP (2014) Decomposing alignment-based conformance checking of data-aware process models. In: On the move to meaningful internet systems: OTM 2014 Conferences. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 3–20
Zurück zum Zitat Dijkman R, Gfeller B, Küster J, Völzer H (2011) Identifying refactoring opportunities in process model repositories. Inf Softw Technol 53(9):937–948CrossRef Dijkman R, Gfeller B, Küster J, Völzer H (2011) Identifying refactoring opportunities in process model repositories. Inf Softw Technol 53(9):937–948CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dumas M, La Rosa M, Mendling J, Raul M (2012) Understanding business process models: the costs and benefits of structuredness. In: CAiSE’12 Proc 24th Int Conf Adv Inf Syst Eng, vol 7328, pp 31–46 Dumas M, La Rosa M, Mendling J, Raul M (2012) Understanding business process models: the costs and benefits of structuredness. In: CAiSE’12 Proc 24th Int Conf Adv Inf Syst Eng, vol 7328, pp 31–46
Zurück zum Zitat Eberle H, Unger T, Leymann F (2009) Process fragments. In: On the move to meaningful internet systems. LNCS, vol 5870, pp 398–405 Eberle H, Unger T, Leymann F (2009) Process fragments. In: On the move to meaningful internet systems. LNCS, vol 5870, pp 398–405
Zurück zum Zitat Eppinger SD, Whintey DE, Smith RP, Gebala DA (1994) A model-based method for organizing task in product development. Res Eng Des 6(1):1–13CrossRef Eppinger SD, Whintey DE, Smith RP, Gebala DA (1994) A model-based method for organizing task in product development. Res Eng Des 6(1):1–13CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang Y, He K, Feng Z, Huang Y (2014) Business process consolidation based on E-RPSTs. In: Serv. (SERVICES), 2014 IEEE World Congr. IEEE, pp 354–361 Huang Y, He K, Feng Z, Huang Y (2014) Business process consolidation based on E-RPSTs. In: Serv. (SERVICES), 2014 IEEE World Congr. IEEE, pp 354–361
Zurück zum Zitat Ivanović D, Carro M, Hermenegildo M (2010) Automatic fragment identification in workflows based on sharing analysis. LNCS 6470:350–364 Ivanović D, Carro M, Hermenegildo M (2010) Automatic fragment identification in workflows based on sharing analysis. LNCS 6470:350–364
Zurück zum Zitat Johannsen F, Leist S (2012) Wand and Weber’s decomposition model in the context of business process modeling. Bus Inf Syst Eng 4(5):275–286CrossRef Johannsen F, Leist S (2012) Wand and Weber’s decomposition model in the context of business process modeling. Bus Inf Syst Eng 4(5):275–286CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Khalaf R, Leymann F (2006) E role-based decomposition of business processes using BPEL. In: Proceeding ICWS’06 Proc IEEE Int Conf Web Serv, pp 770–780 Khalaf R, Leymann F (2006) E role-based decomposition of business processes using BPEL. In: Proceeding ICWS’06 Proc IEEE Int Conf Web Serv, pp 770–780
Zurück zum Zitat Kim K, Won J, Kim C (2005) A fragment-driven process modeling methodology. In: Computational science and its applications – ICCSA 2005. LNCS, vol 3482, pp 817–826 Kim K, Won J, Kim C (2005) A fragment-driven process modeling methodology. In: Computational science and its applications – ICCSA 2005. LNCS, vol 3482, pp 817–826
Zurück zum Zitat Kitchenham B (2004) Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Technical Report, Keele Univ, vol 33, p 28 Kitchenham B (2004) Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Technical Report, Keele Univ, vol 33, p 28
Zurück zum Zitat Kock NFJ, McQueen RJ (1996) Product flow, breadth and complexity of business processes: an empirical study of 15 business processes in three organizations. Bus Process Re-eng Manag J 2(2):8–22CrossRef Kock NFJ, McQueen RJ (1996) Product flow, breadth and complexity of business processes: an empirical study of 15 business processes in three organizations. Bus Process Re-eng Manag J 2(2):8–22CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kueng P, Kawalek P (1997) Goal-based business process models: creation and evaluation. Bus Process Manag J 3:17–38CrossRef Kueng P, Kawalek P (1997) Goal-based business process models: creation and evaluation. Bus Process Manag J 3:17–38CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kusiak A, Wang J (1993) Efficient organizing of design activities. Int J Prod Res 31(4):753–769CrossRef Kusiak A, Wang J (1993) Efficient organizing of design activities. Int J Prod Res 31(4):753–769CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Latva-Koivisto A (2001) Finding a complexity measure for business process models. Tech. Rep. Helsinki Univ. Technol. Syst. Anal., pp 1–26 Latva-Koivisto A (2001) Finding a complexity measure for business process models. Tech. Rep. Helsinki Univ. Technol. Syst. Anal., pp 1–26
Zurück zum Zitat León HCM, Farris JA, Letens G, Hernandez A (2013) An analytical management framework for new product development processes featuring uncertain iterations. J Eng Technol Manag 30(1):45–71CrossRef León HCM, Farris JA, Letens G, Hernandez A (2013) An analytical management framework for new product development processes featuring uncertain iterations. J Eng Technol Manag 30(1):45–71CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li W, Moon YB (2012) Modeling and managing engineering changes in a complex product development process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 63(9):863–874CrossRef Li W, Moon YB (2012) Modeling and managing engineering changes in a complex product development process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 63(9):863–874CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Malinova M, Leopold H, Mendling J (2013) An empirical investigation on the design of process architectures. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik 2013, Leipzig Malinova M, Leopold H, Mendling J (2013) An empirical investigation on the design of process architectures. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik 2013, Leipzig
Zurück zum Zitat Malone TW, Crowston K, Lee JLJ, Pentland B (1993) Tools for inventing organizations: toward a handbook of organizational processes. Proc Second Work Enabling Technol Collab Enterp 45:425–443 Malone TW, Crowston K, Lee JLJ, Pentland B (1993) Tools for inventing organizations: toward a handbook of organizational processes. Proc Second Work Enabling Technol Collab Enterp 45:425–443
Zurück zum Zitat Mendling J (2006) Testing density as a complexity metric for EPCs. Tech. Rep. Vienna Univ. Econ. Bus. Adm. Mendling J (2006) Testing density as a complexity metric for EPCs. Tech. Rep. Vienna Univ. Econ. Bus. Adm.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendling J, Neumann G, van der Aalst W (2007) Understanding the occurrence of errors in process models based on metrics. Lect Notes Comput Sci 4803:113–130CrossRef Mendling J, Neumann G, van der Aalst W (2007) Understanding the occurrence of errors in process models based on metrics. Lect Notes Comput Sci 4803:113–130CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mendling J, Reijers HA, van der Aalst WMP (2010) Seven process modeling guidelines (7PMG). Inf Softw Technol 52(2):127–136CrossRef Mendling J, Reijers HA, van der Aalst WMP (2010) Seven process modeling guidelines (7PMG). Inf Softw Technol 52(2):127–136CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Milani F, Dumas M, Matulevičius R (2013) Decomposition driven consolidation of process models. Adv Inform Syst Eng LNCS 7908:193–207 Milani F, Dumas M, Matulevičius R (2013) Decomposition driven consolidation of process models. Adv Inform Syst Eng LNCS 7908:193–207
Zurück zum Zitat Muehlen MZ, Wisnosky D, Kindrick J (2010) Primitives: design guidelines and architecture for BPMN models. In: Australas. Conf. Inf. Syst Muehlen MZ, Wisnosky D, Kindrick J (2010) Primitives: design guidelines and architecture for BPMN models. In: Australas. Conf. Inf. Syst
Zurück zum Zitat Muketha G, Ghani A (2010) A survey of business processes complexity metrics. Inf Technol J 9(7):1336–1344CrossRef Muketha G, Ghani A (2010) A survey of business processes complexity metrics. Inf Technol J 9(7):1336–1344CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pimmler TU, Eppinger SD (1994) Integration analysis of product decompositions. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge Pimmler TU, Eppinger SD (1994) Integration analysis of product decompositions. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Pohl K (2010) Requirements engineering: fundamentals, principles, and techniques. Springer, New YorkCrossRef Pohl K (2010) Requirements engineering: fundamentals, principles, and techniques. Springer, New YorkCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Polyvyanyy A, Smirnov S, Weske M (2009) The triconnected abstraction of process models. In: Dayal U, Eder J, Koehler J, Reijers H (eds) Business process management, vol 5701. LNCS, pp 229–244 Polyvyanyy A, Smirnov S, Weske M (2009) The triconnected abstraction of process models. In: Dayal U, Eder J, Koehler J, Reijers H (eds) Business process management, vol 5701. LNCS, pp 229–244
Zurück zum Zitat Polyvyanyy A, Smirnov S, Weske M (2010) Business process model abstraction. In: Handb. Bus. Process Manag. 1. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 149–166 Polyvyanyy A, Smirnov S, Weske M (2010) Business process model abstraction. In: Handb. Bus. Process Manag. 1. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 149–166
Zurück zum Zitat Reijers HA (2003) A cohesion metric for the definition of activities in a workflow process. In: Proc. EMMSAD. pp 116–125 Reijers HA (2003) A cohesion metric for the definition of activities in a workflow process. In: Proc. EMMSAD. pp 116–125
Zurück zum Zitat Reijers HA, Mendling J (2011) A study into the factors that influence the understandability of business process models. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 41(3):449–462CrossRef Reijers HA, Mendling J (2011) A study into the factors that influence the understandability of business process models. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 41(3):449–462CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reijers HA, Vanderfeesten I (2004) Cohesion and coupling metrics for workflow process design. In: Proc Bus Process Manag – Second Int Conf BPM 2004, Potsdam, pp 290–305 Reijers HA, Vanderfeesten I (2004) Cohesion and coupling metrics for workflow process design. In: Proc Bus Process Manag – Second Int Conf BPM 2004, Potsdam, pp 290–305
Zurück zum Zitat Reijers HA, Mendling J, Dijkman RM (2011) Human and automatic modularizations of process models to enhance their comprehension. Inf Syst 36(5):881–897CrossRef Reijers HA, Mendling J, Dijkman RM (2011) Human and automatic modularizations of process models to enhance their comprehension. Inf Syst 36(5):881–897CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rogers JL (1990) Knowledge-based tool for decomposing complex design problems. J Comput Civ Eng 4(4):298–312CrossRef Rogers JL (1990) Knowledge-based tool for decomposing complex design problems. J Comput Civ Eng 4(4):298–312CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rosa L, Mendling J, La Rosa M (2012) Thresholds for error probability measures of business process models. J Syst Softw 85(5):1188–1197CrossRef Rosa L, Mendling J, La Rosa M (2012) Thresholds for error probability measures of business process models. J Syst Softw 85(5):1188–1197CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sadiq S, Governatori G (2010) Managing regulatory compliance in business processes. In: vom Brocke J, Rosemann M (eds) Handb. Bus. Process Manag. 2. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 159–175 Sadiq S, Governatori G (2010) Managing regulatory compliance in business processes. In: vom Brocke J, Rosemann M (eds) Handb. Bus. Process Manag. 2. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 159–175
Zurück zum Zitat Sharp A, McDermott P (2009) Workflow modeling: tools for process improvement and applications development. Artech House Sharp A, McDermott P (2009) Workflow modeling: tools for process improvement and applications development. Artech House
Zurück zum Zitat Smirnov S, Dijkman R, Mendling J, Weske M (2010) Meronymy-based aggregation of activities in business process models. Concept Model LNCS 6412:1–14 Smirnov S, Dijkman R, Mendling J, Weske M (2010) Meronymy-based aggregation of activities in business process models. Concept Model LNCS 6412:1–14
Zurück zum Zitat Smirnov S, Reijers HA, Weske M, Nugteren T (2012) Business process model abstraction: a definition, catalog, and survey. Distrib Parallel Databases 30(1):63–99CrossRef Smirnov S, Reijers HA, Weske M, Nugteren T (2012) Business process model abstraction: a definition, catalog, and survey. Distrib Parallel Databases 30(1):63–99CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith RP, Morrow J (1999) Product development process modeling. Des Stud 20(3):237–261CrossRef Smith RP, Morrow J (1999) Product development process modeling. Des Stud 20(3):237–261CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Turetken O, Demirors O (2011) Plural: a decentralized business process modeling method. Inf Manag 48(6):235–247CrossRef Turetken O, Demirors O (2011) Plural: a decentralized business process modeling method. Inf Manag 48(6):235–247CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Uba R, Dumas M, García-Bañuelos L, La Rosa M (2011) Clone detection in repositories of business process models. Bus Process Manag LNCS 6896:248–264 Uba R, Dumas M, García-Bañuelos L, La Rosa M (2011) Clone detection in repositories of business process models. Bus Process Manag LNCS 6896:248–264
Zurück zum Zitat Vanderfeesten I, Cardoso J, Reijers HA (2007) A weighted coupling metric for business process models. CEUR Workshop Proc 247:41–44 Vanderfeesten I, Cardoso J, Reijers HA (2007) A weighted coupling metric for business process models. CEUR Workshop Proc 247:41–44
Zurück zum Zitat Vanderfeesten I, Reijers HA, Mendling J, van der Aalst WMP, Cardoso J (2008a) On a quest for good process models: the cross-connectivity metric. LNCS 5074:480–494 Vanderfeesten I, Reijers HA, Mendling J, van der Aalst WMP, Cardoso J (2008a) On a quest for good process models: the cross-connectivity metric. LNCS 5074:480–494
Zurück zum Zitat Vanderfeesten I, Reijers HA, van der Aalst WMP (2008b) Evaluating workflow process designs using cohesion and coupling metrics. Comput Ind 59(5):420–437CrossRef Vanderfeesten I, Reijers HA, van der Aalst WMP (2008b) Evaluating workflow process designs using cohesion and coupling metrics. Comput Ind 59(5):420–437CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weber B, Reichert M, Mendling J, Reijers HA (2011) Refactoring large process model repositories. Comput Ind 62(5):467–486CrossRef Weber B, Reichert M, Mendling J, Reijers HA (2011) Refactoring large process model repositories. Comput Ind 62(5):467–486CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Westerberg AW, Subrahmainan E, Reich Y, Konda S (1997) Designing the process design process. Comput Chem Eng 21(Supplement):S1–S9CrossRef Westerberg AW, Subrahmainan E, Reich Y, Konda S (1997) Designing the process design process. Comput Chem Eng 21(Supplement):S1–S9CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wolter C, Schaad A (2007) Modeling of task-based authorization constraints in BPMN. In: Alonso G, Dadam P, Rosemann M (eds) Business process management, vol 4714. LNCS, pp 64–79 Wolter C, Schaad A (2007) Modeling of task-based authorization constraints in BPMN. In: Alonso G, Dadam P, Rosemann M (eds) Business process management, vol 4714. LNCS, pp 64–79
Metadaten
Titel
Criteria and Heuristics for Business Process Model Decomposition
Review and Comparative Evaluation
verfasst von
Fredrik Milani
Marlon Dumas
Raimundas Matulevičius
Naved Ahmed
Silva Kasela
Publikationsdatum
08.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Erschienen in
Business & Information Systems Engineering / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 2363-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 1867-0202
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-015-0413-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2016

Business & Information Systems Engineering 1/2016 Zur Ausgabe