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Comparative study on the structural make-up and mechanical behavior of silicon and silver doped amorphous carbon films

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Abstract

Silicon (Si) and silver (Ag) doped amorphous carbon (a-C) thin film were deposited on chrome nitrided 316 LVM stainless steel using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) deposition technique to obtain Si:a-C and Ag:a-C thin film. The morphology of the films was evaluated using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests. The surface quality of Ag:a-C film appeared inferior owing to the formation of Ag agglomerates on the surface. Raman studies indicated higher shifting and narrowing of G-band in Ag:a-C film resulting in increased sp2 hybridization. Also, the ID/IG ratio of Si:a-C film (1.3) was lesser than Ag:a-C (2.3) film indicative of higher sp3 content in the former. This has propounded to improved mechanical attributes such as hardness (24.5 ± 3.8 GPa), elastic modulus (241 ± 14 GPa), H/E (0.103 ± 0.11), H3/E2 (0.282 ± 0.021 GPa) and fracture toughness (2.93 MPa.m1/2) in Si:a-C film. Further, Ag:a-C film suffered severe radial cracks during indentation at higher load owing to debonding. On the other hand, Si:a-C film exhibited the formation of circumferential cracks during indentation attributed to higher compressive stress in the film. What is more, Si:a-C showcased better film adhesion in Rockwell-C adhesion test with lesser delamination at the impression edge. This is further corroborated by microscratch test depicting higher Lc2 value and adhesive energy.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (West Bengal, India), Central Instruments Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (Assam, India), Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University (Tamil Nadu, India) and Ingenious Tools & Design Solution Pvt. Ltd., Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh, India) for providing necessary infrastructures to conduct the experimental work.

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This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, 788 010, India

    Lokeswar Patnaik, Saikat Ranjan Maity & Sunil Kumar

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  1. Lokeswar Patnaik
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  2. Saikat Ranjan Maity
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  3. Sunil Kumar
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Lokeswar Patnaik: Conceptualization, Experimentation, Data analysis, Writing-original draft and Writing-review & editing; Saikat Ranjan Maity: Visualization, Data curation, Fund acquisition; Sunil Kumar: Resources and Writing-review & editing.

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Patnaik, L., Maity, S.R. & Kumar, S. Comparative study on the structural make-up and mechanical behavior of silicon and silver doped amorphous carbon films. Silicon 14, 9617–9634 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01607-1

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