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Extraction of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse, Cassava Periderm and Maize Stalk: Proximate Analysis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Wastes

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Abstract

Indiscriminate disposal and burning of agricultural wastes constitute environmental pollution and increase in greenhouse gases emission. Renewable nature and availability of agricultural wastes has stimulated researchers to explore “wastes to wealth creation” policy. Three agricultural wastes were investigated for potential use for silica production. Proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), compositional analysis, calcination and statistical analysis were carried out to quantify the ash and establish presence of silica. Response surface methodology was used for statistical analysis of CP calcination. The proximate analysis showed that sugarcane bagasse, cassava periderm and maize stalk ash contents are 1.73, 4.93 and 4.80%, respectively. The EDS results showed that their ashes contain 5.22, 6.10 and 7.01% silicon, respectively. XRF results revealed presence of 38% SiO2 in CP ash. XRD revealed presence of silica and silicates phases. TGA shows that their calcination temperature must be above 500 °C. Numerical optimization of CP calcination gave optimum condition of 700 °C for 270 min to attain 82% weight loss. Calcination regression equation exhibited high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8225. The three wastes contain silica and silicates from which silica could be extracted. Calcination temperature and time have been established to be significant in ash content enhancement.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER), Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa for making available their facilities for part of this research. Special thanks for exceptional support received from Mr. Bamidele Lawrence Bayode and his team members. This research did not receive any specific Grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Jeleel Adekunle Adebisi, Johnson Olumuyiwa Agunsoye & Suleiman Bolaji Hassan

  2. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Jeleel Adekunle Adebisi

  3. Department Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria

    Sefiu Adekunle Bello

  4. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Nigeria

    Funsho O. Kolawole

  5. Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

    Mercy Munyadziwa Ramakokovhu

  6. School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Michael Olawale Daramola

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Adebisi, J.A., Agunsoye, J.O., Bello, S.A. et al. Extraction of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse, Cassava Periderm and Maize Stalk: Proximate Analysis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Wastes. Waste Biomass Valor 10, 617–629 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-0089-5

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