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Physicochemical Characterization of Robusta Spent Coffee Ground Oil for Biodiesel Manufacturing

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Abstract

Oil extracted from spent coffee ground (SCG) has been well known as a potential feedstock for high quality biodiesel production. This work was to investigate extraction, physical and chemical characterizations of Robusta coffee oil (CO) and its application for biodiesel production. Analysis of seven coffee ground (CG) samples showed that oil content in CGs depended on technique of the manufacturer. Morphological changes of CGs surface were recorded by FESEM technique which showed the particle size significantly increased with the oil loss. Infrared spectroscopies revealed absence of SCG oil in the de-oiled SCG, confirmed that soxhlet method in hexane was used efficiently for the oil extraction. Thermal properties of SCG oil, fresh coffee ground (FCG), SCG and de-oiled SCG samples were investigated by simultaneous TG–DTA measurement. The obtained data showed the oil content relating to thermal changes of SCG samples. Comparison between chemical components of Robusta coffee bean (RCB) and SCG reflected a fact that most of oil content in the SCG could be originated in manufacturing process of FCG. Quality biodiesel product has prepared from SCG oils via a two-step process. After pre-treatment process, transesterification of SCG oils was carried out with methanol (v/v, 30%) and NaOH (w/v, 1%) in yield 89.2%.

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Abbreviations

SCG:

Spent coffee ground

CO:

Coffee oil

RCB:

Robusta coffee bean

FCG:

Fresh coffee ground

TG:

Thermogravimetric

DTA:

Differential thermal analysis

FA:

Fatty acid

FFA:

Free fatty acid

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Chi-Hien Dang

  2. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam

    Thanh-Danh Nguyen

  3. Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Chi-Hien Dang & Thanh-Danh Nguyen

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Dang, CH., Nguyen, TD. Physicochemical Characterization of Robusta Spent Coffee Ground Oil for Biodiesel Manufacturing. Waste Biomass Valor 10, 2703–2712 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0287-9

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