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Recent progress in reconstructing lophotrochozoan (spiralian) phylogeny

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Abstract

Lophotrochozoa (also called Spiralia), the sister taxon of Ecdysozoa, includes animal taxa with disparate body plans such as the segmented annelids, the shell bearing molluscs and brachiopods, the colonial bryozoans, the endoparasitic acanthocephalans and the acoelomate platyhelminths. Phylogenetic relationships within Lophotrochozoa have been notoriously difficult to resolve leading to the point that they are often represented as polytomy. Recent studies focussing on phylogenomics, Hox genes and fossils provided new insights into the evolutionary history of this difficult group. New evidence supporting the inclusion of chaetognaths within gnathiferans, the phylogenetic position of Orthonectida and Dicyemida, as well as the general phylogeny of lophotrochozoans is reviewed. Several taxa formerly erected based on morphological synapomorphies (e.g. Lophophorata, Tetraneuralia, Parenchymia) seem (finally) to get additional support from phylogenomic analyses.

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Maite Aguado, Patrick Beckers, Alexander Kieneke, Rafael Martin-Ledo and Ole Riemann for providing pictures of lophotrochozoan representatives. Bernd Baumgart assisted in the preparation of the figures.

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  1. Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Christoph Bleidorn

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Bleidorn, C. Recent progress in reconstructing lophotrochozoan (spiralian) phylogeny. Org Divers Evol 19, 557–566 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-019-00412-4

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