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Environmental assessment of organic juice imported to Denmark: a case study on oranges (Citrus sinensis) from Brazil

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Abstract

Growing global trade with organic products has given rise to a debate on the environmental impacts during both production and transport. Environmental hotspots of organic orange juice produced by smallholders in Brazil, processed and imported to Denmark, were identified in a case study using a life cycle approach. Furthermore, small-scale organic orange production was compared with small-scale conventional and large-scale organic orange production in the case study area in Brazil. Transport was the main contributor (58%) to the global warming potential of organic orange juice from small-scale farmers imported to Denmark, followed by the farm stage (23%), especially the truck transport of fresh oranges in Brazil and of reconstituted orange juice in Europe. Non-renewable energy use per hectare was significantly lower on the organic small-scale farms than on the conventional, with a similar pattern for global warming potential and eutrophication. Including soil carbon sequestration in organic plantations widened the difference in global warming potential between organic and conventional. Organic small-scale farms had a higher crop diversity than conventional, which may have a positive effect on biodiversity along with the spontaneous vegetation between the organic orange trees and the absence of toxic pesticides. Comparing small-scale with large-scale organic orange production, crop diversity was higher on the small-scale farms, while global warming potential, eutrophication potential and the use of copper per hectare were significantly lower, indicating that environmental impacts from small-scale differ from large-scale organic farms.

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  1. Marie Trydeman Knudsen

    Present address: Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark

    Marie Trydeman Knudsen & Vibeke Langer

  2. Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil

    Gustavo Fonseca de Almeida

  3. Embrapa Environment, P.O. Box 69, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brazil

    Lucimar Santiago de Abreu

  4. International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS), 8830, Tjele, Denmark

    Niels Halberg

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  1. Marie Trydeman Knudsen
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  2. Gustavo Fonseca de Almeida
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Correspondence to Marie Trydeman Knudsen.

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Knudsen, M.T., Fonseca de Almeida, G., Langer, V. et al. Environmental assessment of organic juice imported to Denmark: a case study on oranges (Citrus sinensis) from Brazil. Org. Agr. 1, 167–185 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-011-0014-3

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