Abstract
Maturity stage of fresh banana fruit is an important factor that affects the fruit quality during ripening and marketability after ripening. The ability to identify maturity of fresh banana fruit will be a great support for farmers to optimize harvesting phase which helps to avoid harvesting either under-matured or over-matured banana. This study attempted to use image processing technique to detect the maturity stage of fresh banana fruit by its color and size value of their images precisely. A total of 120 images comprising 40 images from each stage such as under-mature, mature and over-mature were used for developing algorithm and accuracy prediction. The mean color intensity from histogram; area, perimeter, major axis length and minor axis length from the size values, were extracted from the calibration images. Analysis of variance between each maturity stage on these features indicated that the mean color intensity and area features were more significant in predicting the maturity of banana fruit. Hence, two classifier algorithms namely, mean color intensity algorithm and area algorithm were developed and their accuracy on maturity detection was assessed. The mean color intensity algorithm showed 99.1 % accuracy in classifying the banana fruit maturity. The area algorithm classified the under-mature fruit at 85 % accuracy. Hence the maturity assessment technique proposed in this paper could be used commercially to develop a field based complete automatic detection system to take decision on the right time of harvest by the banana growers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bato PM, Nagata M, Cao QX, Hiyoshi K, Kitahara T (2000) Study on sorting system for strawberry using machine vision (part 2): development of sorting system with direction and judgement functions for strawberry (Akihime variety). J Jpn Soc Agrl Mach 62(2):101–110
Chegeh BK, Mahinda MN, Kinyua GK, Kambo CM, Kuria S (1995) A survey on causes and quantification of post harvest losses in Kenya. Final technical report. KARI, Thika
Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2008) Digital image processing, 3rd edn. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River
Mendoza F, Aguilera JM (2004) Application of image analysis for classification of ripening bananas. J Food Sci 69:E471–E477
Molto E, Pla F, Juste F (1992) Vision systems for the location of citrus fruit in a tree canopy. J Agrl Eng Res 52:101–110
Muchui MN, Njoroge CK, Kahangi EM, Onyango CA (2010) Determination of maturity indices of tissue cultured bananas (Musa spp.) ‘Williams’ and ‘Grande Naine’. Acta Hort 879:425–430
Mustafa NBA, Fuad NA, Ahmed SK, Abidin AAZ, Ali Z, Yit WB, Sharrif, ZAM (2008) Image processing of an agriculture produce: determination of size and ripeness of a Banana. In International Symposium on Information Technology 2008(ITSim), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (pp. 1–7), Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society, Malaysia: IEEE. (978-1-4244-2328-6/08/© 2008 IEEE)
Panse VG, Sukhatme PV (1989) Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR, New Delhi
Patil KB, Rawale KP (2012) Pre and post harvest management of banana for domestic and export market. In: Singh HP (ed) Proceedings of the national conference on adaption to climate change for sustainable production of banana, Jalgaon, India. ICAR, New Delhi, pp 88–100
Quevedo R, Mendoza F, Aguilera JM, Chanona J, Gutierrez-Lopez G (2008) Determination of senescent spotting in banana (Musa cavendish) using fractal texture fourier image. J Food Eng 84:509–515
Riyadi S, Ashrani A, Mohd R, Mustafa M, Hussain A (2007) Shape characteristics analysis for papaya size classification. In: Proceedings of the 5th Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD’07), Selangor, Malaysia. IEEE. pp. 371–375
Rodriguez-Pulido FJ, Gomez-Robledo L, Melgosa M, Gordillo B, Gonzalez-Miret ML, Heredia FJ (2012) Ripeness estimation of grape berries and seeds by image analysis. Comp Elect Agric 82:128–133
Roseleena J, Nursuriati J, Ahmed J, Low CY (2011) Assessment of palm oil fresh fruit bunches using photogrammetric grading system. Intern Food Res J 18(3):999–1005
Singh HP (2010) Dynamics and Co-kinetics of banana research and Development in India. In: Mustaffa MM (ed) Proceedings of the global conference on meeting the challenges in banana and plantain for emerging biotic and abiotic stress, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. ICAR, New Delhi, pp 1–14
Vince J (2010) Mathematics for computer graphics, 1st edn. Springer, London
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Surya Prabha, D., Satheesh Kumar, J. Assessment of banana fruit maturity by image processing technique. J Food Sci Technol 52, 1316–1327 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1188-3
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1188-3