Abstract
The synthesis of nanometric alloys, or nanoalloys, is gaining interest in nanoscience due to their new and attractive physical properties. Furthermore, they improve the efficiency and performance of the diverse nanotechnological applications in comparison with the nanostructures composed of only one material. This study presents a novel synthesis method that facilitates the production of Au-Ag random bimetallic nanoalloys with uniform shape at room temperature, using the reducing and stabilizing properties of low-toxicity molecules, such as sucrose, ascorbic acid, and rongalite. The images taken with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed spherical bimetallic nanoparticles between 7 and 12 nm. The presence of Au and Ag in the nanostructures was confirmed by EDS. The optical absorption analysis showed a band centered at 480 nm, associated with surface plasmon resonance in Au-Ag nanoalloys. A Raman band was observed around 98 cm−1 after the nanoparticles were synthesized. Additionally, the behavior of the radial breathing modes (RBM) of mixed bimetallic nanoalloys of Au20-n Ag n (con n = 0–20) clusters was analyzed. The analysis was performed with the density functional theory (DFT) at Becke level, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) in combination with basis set Los Alamos Laboratory 2 double ζ (LANL2DZ). The predicted vibrational modes associated with RBM are located around 90–100 cm−1 approximately. This shows a good tendency and correlation with the Raman band detected experimentally at low wave numbers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jana S (2015) Advances in nanoscale alloys and intermetallics: low temperature solution chemistry synthesis and application in catalysis. Dalton Trans 44:18692–18717
Calvo F (2015) Thermodynamics of nanoalloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:27922–27939
Mariscal MM, Oviedo O, Lieva EPM (2013) Metal clusters and nanoalloys: From Modeling to applications. Nanostructure Science and Technology, Springer, New York
Alloyeau D, Mottet C, Ricolleau C (2012) Nanoalloys: synthesis, structure and properties, engineering materials. Springer, London
Calvo F (2013) Nanoalloys: from fundamentals to emergent applications. Elsevier, Oxford
Ferrando R, Jellinek J, Johnston RL (2008) Nanoalloys: from theory to applications of alloy clusters and nanoparticles. Chem Rev 108(3):845–910
Muñoz-Flores BM, Kharisov BI, Jiménez-Pérez VM, Martínez PE, López ST (2011) Recent advances in the synthesis and main applications of metallic nanoalloys. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(13):7705–7721
Shahzad N, Chen F, He L, Li W, Wang H (2015) Silver–copper nanoalloys-an efficient sensitizer for metal-cluster-sensitized solar cells delivering stable current and high open circuit voltage. J Power Sources 294:609–619
Compagninia G, Messinaa E, Puglisia O, Nicolosi V (2007) Laser synthesis of Au/Ag colloidal nano-alloys: optical properties, structure and composition. Appl Surf Sci 254(4):1007–1011
Sotiriou GA, Etterlin GD, Spyrogianni A, Krumeich F, Leroux J-C, Pratsinis SE (2014) Plasmonic biocompatible silver–gold alloyed nanoparticles. Chem Commun 50:13559–13562
Peng Z, Spliethoff B, Tesche B, Walther T, Kleinermanns K (2006) Laser-assisted synthesis of Au−Ag alloy nanoparticles in solution. J Phys Chem B 110(6):2549–2554
Sun L, Luan W, Shan J (2012) A composition and size controllable approach for Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 7:225
Han Q, Zhang C, Gao W, Han Z, Liu T, Li C, Wang Z, He E, Zheng H (2016) Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles: synthesis and in situ monitoring SERS of plasmonic catalysis. Sensors Actuators B Chem 231:609–614
Taniguchi S, Zinchenko A, Murata S (2016) Fabrication of bimetallic core–shell and alloy Ag–Au nanoparticles on a DNA template. Chem Lett 45(6):610–612
Liu S, Chen G, Prasad PN, Swihart MT (2011) Synthesis of monodisperse Au, Ag, and Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles with tunable size and surface plasmon resonance frequency. Chem Mater 23(18):4098–4101
Zheng B, Zheng J, Yu T, Sang A, Du J, Guo Y, Xiao D, Choi MMF (2015) Fast microwave-assisted synthesis of AuAg bimetallic nanoclusters with strong yellow emission and their response to mercury(II) ions. Sensors Actuators B Chem 221:386–392
Menezes WG, Zielasek V, Dzhardimalieva GI, Pomogailo SI, Thiel K, Wöhrle D, Hartwigd A, Bäumer M (2012) Synthesis of stable AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated by diblock copolymer micelles. Nanoscale 4:1658–1664
Malathi S, Ezhilarasu T, Abiraman T, Balasubramanian S (2014) One pot green synthesis of Ag, Au and Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles using isonicotinic acid hydrazide and starch. Carbohydr Polym 111:734–743
Raju D, Mendapara R, Mehta UJ (2014) Protein mediated synthesis of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. Mater Lett 124:271–274
Rodríguez-González B, Burrows A, Watanabe M, Kiely CJ, Liz Marzán LM (2005) Multishell bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles: synthesis, structure and optical properties. J Mater Chem 15:1755–1759
Garcia AG, Lopes PP, Gomes JF, Pires C, Ferreira EB, Lucena RGM, Gasparotto LHS, Tremiliosi-Filho G (2014) Eco-friendly synthesis of bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles. New J Chem 38:2865–2873
Mondal S, Roy N, Laskar RA, Sk I, Basu S, Mandal D, Begum NA (2011) Biogenic synthesis of Ag, Au and bimetallic Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles using aqueous extract of mahogany (Swietenia mahogani JACQ.) leaves. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 82:497–504
Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2004) Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using neem (Azadirachta indica), leaf broth. J Colloid Interf Sci 275:496–502
Sheny DS, Mathew J, Philip D (2011) Phytosynthesis of Au, Ag and Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using aqueous extract and dried leaf of Anacardium occidentale. Spectrochim Acta A 79:254–262
Yallappa S, Manjanna J, Dhananjaya BL (2015) Phytosynthesis of stable Au, Ag and Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles using J. sambac leaves extract, and their enhanced antimicrobial activity in presence of organic antimicrobials. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 137:236–243
Bankura K, Maity D, Mollick MR, Mondal D, Bhowmick B, Roy I, Midya T, Sarkar J, Rana D, Acharya K, Chattopadhyay D (2014) Antibacterial activity of Ag–Au alloy NPs and chemical sensor property of Au NPs synthesized by dextran. Carbohydr Polym 107:151–157
Huoa D, Heb J, Li H, Yu H, Shi T, Feng Y, Zhou Z, Yong H (2014) Fabrication of Au@Ag core–shell NPs as enhanced CT contrast agents with broad antibacterial properties. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 117:29–35
Ganguly M, Jana J, Pal A, Pal T (2016) Synergism of gold and silver invites enhanced fluorescence for practical applications. RSC Adv 6:17683–17703
Huang H, Li H, Feng J-J, Wang A-J (2016) One-step green synthesis of fluorescent bimetallic Au/Ag nanoclusters for temperature sensing and in vitro detection of Fe3+. Sensors Actuators B Chem 223:550–556
Vinod M, Gopchandran KG (2015) Bimetallic Au–Ag nanochains as SERS substrates. Curr Appl Phys 15:857–863
Paramanik B, Patra A (2014) Fluorescent AuAg alloy clusters: synthesis and SERS applications. J Mater Chem C 2:3005–3012
El-Sayed MA (2001) Some interesting properties of metals confined in time and nanometer space of different shapes. Acc Chem Res 34(4):257–264
Xia X, Zeng J, Zhang Q, Moran CH, Xia Y (2012) Recent developments in shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanocrystals. J Phys Chem C 116(41):21647–21656
Mahmoud MA, O’Neil D, El-Sayed MA (2014) Shape- and symmetry-dependent mechanical properties of metallic gold and silver on the nanoscale. Nano Lett 14(2):743–748
Kumar S, Anselmo AC, Banerjee A, Zakrewsky M, Mitragotri S (2015) Shape and size-dependent immune response to antigen-carrying nanoparticles. J Control Release 220:141–148
Adnan NNM, Cheng YY, Ong NMN, Kamaruddin TT, Rozlan E, Schmidt TW, Duong HTT, Boyer C (2016) Effect of gold nanoparticle shapes for phototherapy and drug delivery. Polym Chem 7:2888–2903
Tanabe I, Ryoki T, Ozaki Y (2015) The effects of Au nanoparticle size (5–60 nm) and shape (sphere, rod, cube) over electronic states and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 studied by far- and deep-ultraviolet spectroscopy. RSC Adv 5:13648–13652
Zhanga H, Toshima N, Takasaki K, Okumurac M (2014) Preparation of Agcore/Aushell bimetallic nanoparticles from physical mixtures of Au clusters and Ag ions under dark conditions and their catalytic activity for aerobic glucose oxidation. J Alloys Compd 586:462–468
Zhao Q, Chen S, Zhang L, Huang H (2015) Detection of Fe(III) and bio-copper in human serum based on fluorescent AuAg nanoclusters. Anal Methods 7:296–300
Li W, Chen F (2015) Alloying effect on performances of bimetallic Ag–Au cluster sensitized solar cells. J Alloys Compd 632:845–848
Meena Kumari M, Jacob J, Philip D (2015) Green synthesis and applications of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 137:185–192
Wu J, Zan X, Li S, Liu Y, Cui C, Zou B, Zhang W, Xu H, Duan H, Tian D, Huangad W, Huo F (2014) In situ synthesis of large-area single sub-10 nm nanoparticle arrays by polymer pen lithography. Nanoscale 6:749–752
Eugenio M, Müller N, Frasés S, Almeida-Paes R, Lima LMTR, Lemgruber L, Farina M, de Souza W, Sant'Anna C (2016) Yeast-derived biosynthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles and their antiproliferative activity against bacteria. RSC Adv 6:9893–9904
Ban Z, Barnakov YA, Li F, Golub VO, O'Connor CJ (2005) The synthesis of core–shell iron@gold nanoparticles and their characterization. J Mater Chem 15:4660–4662
Tsujia M, Takemura K, Shiraishi C, Uto K, Yoshida Y, Daio T (2013) Synthesis of cubic Pd–Ag random alloy nanocrystal in an aqueous solution in the presence of CTAB. Mater Lett 95:201–204
Makarov SV (2001) Recent trends in the chemistry of sulfur-containing reducing agents. Russ Chem Rev 70:885–895
Saadat MAJEED, Dan LI, Wen-Yue GAO, Jian-Ping LAI, Li-Ming QI, Muhammad SAQIB, Guo-Bao XU (2015) Aqueous synthesis of tunable highly photoluminescent CdTe quantum dots using rongalite and bioimaging application. Chin J Anal Chem 43:e101–e107
Sotelo-Lermaa M, Zingaro RA, Castillo SJ (2001) Preparation of CdTe coatings using the chemical deposition method. J Organomet Chem 623:81–86
Khan Z, Singh T, Hussain JI, Hashmi AA (2013) Au(III)–CTAB reduction by ascorbic acid: preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 104:11–17
Filippo E, Serra A, Buccolieri A, Manno D (2010) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with sucrose and maltose: morphological and structural characterization. J Non-Cryst Solids 356:344–350
Ghosh T, Satpati B, Senapati D (2014) Characterization of bimetallic core–shell nanorings synthesized via ascorbic acid-controlled galvanic displacement followed by epitaxial growth. J Mater Chem C 2:2439–2447
Baruah B, Kiambuthi M (2014) Facile synthesis of silver and bimetallic silver–gold nanoparticles and their applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. RSC Adv 4:64860–64870
Molina B, Soto JR, Calles A (2008) DFT normal modes of vibration of the Au20 cluster. Rev Mex Fis 54(4):314–318
Ng MY, Chang YC (2011) Laser-induced breathing modes in metallic nanoparticles: a symmetric molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 134(9):094116
Ghavanloo E, Fazelzadeh SA, Rafii-Tabar H (2015) Analysis of radial breathing-mode of nanostructures with various morphologies: a critical review. Int Mater Rev 60(6):312–329
Ahmad Fazelzadeh S, Ghavanloo E (2013) Radial vibration characteristics of spherical nanoparticles immersed in fluid medium. Mod Phys Lett B 27(1350186)
Nelet A, Crut A, Arbouet A, Del Fatti N, Vallée F, Portales H, Saviot L, Duval E (2004) Acoustic vibrations of metal nanoparticles: high order radial mode detection. Appl Surf Sci 226:209–215
Voisin C, Del Fatti N, Christofilos D, Vallée F (2000) Time-resolved investigation of the vibrational dynamics of metal nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 164(1):131–139
Kirakosyan AS, Shahbazyan TV (2008) Vibrational modes of metal nanoshells and bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 129(3):034708-1–0347087-7
Cortez-Valadez M, Bocarando-Chacon J-G, Hernández-Martínez AR, Britto Hurtado R, Alvarez RAB, Roman-Zamorano JF, Flores-Valenzuela J, Gámez-Corrales R, Arizpe-Chávez H, Flores-Acosta M (2014) Optical properties and radial breathing modes present in Cu amorphous quantum dots obtained by green synthesis. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 6:580–583
Britto-Hurtado R, Cortez-Valadez M, Alvarez RAB, Horta-Fraijo P, Bocarando-Chacon J-G, Gámez-Corrales R, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Suárez F, Rodríguez-Melgarejo F, Arizpe-Chavez H, Flores-Acosta M (2015) Green synthesis and radial breathing modes in Ti nanoparticles. Nano 10:1550069-1–1550069-7
Bocarando-Chacon J-G, Cortez-Valadez M, Vargas-Vazquez D, Rodríguez Melgarejo F, Flores-Acosta M, Mani-Gonzalez PG, Leon-Sarabia E, Navarro-Badilla A, Ramírez-Bon R (2014) Raman bands in Ag nanoparticles obtained in extract of Opuntia ficus-indica plant. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 59:15–18
Alvarez RAB, Cortez-Valadez M, Oscar Neira Bueno L, Britto Hurtado R, Rocha-Rocha O, Delgado-Beleño Y, Martinez-Nuñez CE, Serrano-Corrales LI, Arizpe-Chávez H, Flores-Acosta M (2016) Vibrational properties of gold nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 84:191–195
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Britto Hurtado, R., Cortez-Valadez, M., Arizpe-Chávez, H. et al. Random alloy of Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles at room temperature—facile synthesis and vibrational properties. Gold Bull 50, 85–92 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-017-0199-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-017-0199-7