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Demography
Erschienen in: Demography 2/2020

12.03.2020

Parental Migration and Early Childhood Development in Rural China

verfasst von: Ai Yue, Yu Bai, Yaojiang Shi, Renfu Luo, Scott Rozelle, Alexis Medina, Sean Sylvia

Erschienen in: Demography | Ausgabe 2/2020

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Abstract

Nearly one-quarter of all children under age 2 in China are left behind in the countryside as parents migrate to urban areas for work. We use a four-wave longitudinal survey following young children from 6 to 30 months of age to provide first evidence on the effects of parental migration on development, health, and nutritional outcomes in the critical first stages of life. We find that maternal migration has a negative effect on cognitive development: migration before children reach 12 months of age reduces cognitive development by 0.3 standard deviations at age 2. Possible mechanisms include reduced dietary diversity and engagement in stimulating activities, both known to be causally associated with skill development in early life. We find no effects on other dimensions of physical and social-emotional health.
Nächster Artikel Ethnic Violence and Birth Outcomes: Evidence From Exposure to the 1992 Conflict in Kenya

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Fußnoten
1
This finding for human children echoes numerous studies using rodents showing that early maternal care has a large effect on hippocampal development in rat pups and that this operates through an epigenetic mechanism (Fish et al. 2004; Liu et al. 1997; Meaney 2001; Szyf et al. 2005).
 
2
Divergent preferences, particularly with the older generation, may include increased preference toward male children. Meyerhoefer and Chen (2011) found that parental labor migration in China is associated with a significant lag in the educational progress of girls and argued that this is due to shifting girls’ time allocation toward home production. Chang et al. (2011) also showed that migration in China increases work time for girls and not boys.
 
3
We are unfortunately unable to examine paternal migration because our survey did not collect data on paternal migration over time. In our survey, we collected data about the first and second caregivers, who were almost always the mother and grandmother. The share of fathers who are primary caregivers is less than 2.89% in our sample. In the first survey round (when children were 6–12 months of age), 54% of fathers were absent.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Parental Migration and Early Childhood Development in Rural China
verfasst von
Ai Yue
Yu Bai
Yaojiang Shi
Renfu Luo
Scott Rozelle
Alexis Medina
Sean Sylvia
Publikationsdatum
12.03.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Demography / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0070-3370
Elektronische ISSN: 1533-7790
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00849-4

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