Abstract
Contamination of coastal water by seawater is a global phenomenon, which deteriorates the water quality. The present study aims to assess the suitability of coastal water for drinking and irrigation purposes with regard to seawater contamination. Conventional hydrochemical data have been utilized in conjunction with mathematical and statistical methods. Sixty groundwater and nine surface water samples were collected from the eastern coastal plains of Odisha, India and were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. A significant influence of seawater on water quality has been observed. Additionally, ion-exchange process has been identified to play a vital role in controlling the water chemistry. Application of hierarchical cluster analysis on water quality data produces two clusters of samples (C-1 and C-2) that are well-explained by the factors of principal component analysis. Higher dissolved salt contents in a majority of samples in the C-1 cluster have resulted in higher water quality indices that make them unsuitable for drinking purposes. Further, their placement in the Wilcox and USSLS diagrams indicated that these samples are even unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The C-2 cluster comprises 38% of water samples, which can be utilized for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The spatial distribution of water quality shows that the drinkable and irrigational water is mainly confined to a few patches in the area. These patches may be utilized for supplying the drinking water to the coastal population.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India for providing financial support through the Bay of Bengal Coastal Observatory (RP-088). Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar is specially thanked for providing necessary laboratory facilities to carry out this research work. We express our gratitude to Dr. V. A. Tsihrintzis (Editor-in-Chief), the editorial team, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable time and encouraging comments in improving the manuscript.
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Prusty, P., Farooq, S.H. Application of Water Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Assessing Coastal Water Quality. Environ. Process. 7, 805–825 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00453-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00453-4