Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) have been widely investigated due to their extraordinary advantages over the traditional materials, including wide and tunable electrical conductivity, facile production approach, high mechanical stability, light weight, low cost and ease in material processing. Compared with bulk CPs, nanostructured CPs possess higher electrical conductivity, larger surface area, superior electrochemical activity, which make them suitable for various applications. Hybridization of CPs with other nanomaterials has obtained promising functional nanocomposites and achieved improved performance in different areas, such as energy storage, sensors, energy harvesting and protection applications. In this review, recent progress on nanostructured CPs and their composites is summarized from research all over the world in more than 400 references, especially from the last three years. The relevant synthesizing experiences are outlined and abundant application examples are illustrated. The approaches of production of nanostructured CPs are discussed and the efficacy and benefits of newest trends for the preparation of multifunctional nanomaterials/nanocomposites are presented. Mechanism of their electrical conductivity and the ways to tailor their properties are investigated. The remaining challenges in developing better CPs based nanomaterials are also elaborated.
摘要
导电聚合物既具有金属材料的导电性, 又具备高分子材料的特性, 因此近年来得到全世界的广泛研究和应用. 导电聚合物具有较宽和可调的电导率、 简捷的制备工艺、 可靠稳定的机械性能, 以及轻质低价的优点. 相比大尺度的导电聚合物, 具有纳米结构的导电聚合物呈现出较高的导电性, 较大的比表面积和较好的电化学活性. 纳米导电聚合物和其他纳米材料结合形成的功能性纳米复合材料实现了性能的改进, 在诸如电子电器、 能量储存、 能量收集、 传感器和电磁保护防腐等各个领域有着潜在和广泛的应用前景. 在这篇综述中, 作者总结了近几年来(涵盖四百多篇文献)纳米结构导电聚合物及其复合材料的研究进展, 讨论了纳米导电聚合物和复合材料的制备方法, 列举了不同的形貌和结构及其对应的导电机理和改性方法. 结合大量的实例, 介绍了纳米复合材料在各领域的应用和最新动态. 最后对纳米导电聚合物复合材料这一领域存在的挑战和亟待研究的热点问题进行了展望.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA and AU-IGP award.
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Lin Zhang received his BSc and MSc in Electronic Science and Technology at Xi’an Jiaotong University, China. He obtained his PhD degree in Materials Engineering at Auburn University, USA in 2013. From 2013 to 2017, he was postdoctoral research fellow in Materials Engineering at Auburn University and in NanoEngineering at UC San Diego. Dr. Zhang’s scientific interests include polymer-based dielectric composites, piezoelectric and ferroelectric ceramics, flexible/wearable devices, and green approaches to conducting polymer based nanocomposites. He is currently an Associate professor in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology at Xi’an Jiaotong University.
Xinyu Zhang studied in Chemistry Department at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) under the supervision of Professors Alan G. MacDiarmid and Sanjeev K. Manohar. After receiving his PhD degree in 2005, he started his postdoctoral stay at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. He started his career at Auburn University in 2008 in the Department of Polymer and Fiber Engineering. His research interests include the microwave approach to ultrafast production of nanomaterials, mechanism study of polymeric material self-assembly using the nanoseeding approach, chemical/electrochemical sensors, and polymer–metal nanocomposites. Currently, he is an Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering at Auburn University.
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Zhang, L., Du, W., Nautiyal, A. et al. Recent progress on nanostructured conducting polymers and composites: synthesis, application and future aspects. Sci. China Mater. 61, 303–352 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9206-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9206-4