Abstract
This paper deals with the maiden application of opposition-based interactive search algorithm (OISA) for a multi-area, multi-source power system having thermal, hydro and gas generating units. For realistic approach, physical constraints like boiler dynamics (BD), governor dead band (GDB) and generation rate constraint (GRC) have been considered in the thermal system, while the effects of GRC and GDB are included in hydro and gas systems. Since modern power systems are focussing more towards renewable energy resources, for the purpose of analysis distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV) units are also incorporated in the system. A novel cascade combination of two-degree-of-freedom proportional–integral–derivative with a filter (PIDN) and fractional order integral–derivative (FOID) is used as the proposed controller for the system (2DOF-PIDN-FOID). The parameters of the proposed controller are optimised using the OISA algorithm. For analysis of the proposed system in deregulated environment, a step load perturbance (SLP) of 0.01 per unit is done in area-1. The effect of integration of distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV) on the system is analysed in both combined manner and separately. In both the cases, the system dynamics show marked improvement in comparison with previous cases. Analysis of system dynamics for various cases reveals the superiority of the proposed control scheme. Further, the superiority of the proposed algorithm is proven among other well-known evolutionary techniques like genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), interactive search algorithm (ISA) and whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) by comparison under same test conditions. Moreover, the robustness of the system is validated against system parameter variations. Finally, the superiority of the proposed control scheme is shown by comparison with published results in the literature under same test conditions.
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Appendix
Appendix
Thermal power plant: Kr = 0.3, Tr = 10 s, Tt = 0.3 s, Rth = 2.4 Hz/pu, Tg = 0.08 s, GRC = 0.0017pu/MW/s; Hydro power plant: Tw = 1.0 s, TR (Speed governor rest time) = 5.0 s, TRH = 28.75 s, TGH = 0.2 s, Rhy = 2.4 Hz/pu; Gas power plant: X = 0.6 s, Y = 1.0 s, b = 0.05 s, c = 1, TF = 0.23 s, TCR = 0.01 s,TCD = 0.2 s, RG = 2.4 Hz/pu MW, Rth = 2.4 Hz/pu; Power system: Kps = 120 Hz/pu, Tps = 20 s; WTS: KWTS = 1 and TWTS = 1.5 s; PV: KPV = 1 and TPV = 1.8 s; DEG: KDEG = 1/300 and TDEG = 2 s EV: KEV = 1 and TEV = 1.
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Raj, U., Shankar, R. Deregulated Automatic Generation Control using Novel Opposition-based Interactive Search Algorithm Cascade Controller Including Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicle. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 44, 1233–1251 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-019-00306-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-019-00306-3