Abstract
An experimental program was carried out to investigate the usability of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete with and without ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The RCA was derived from concrete having compressive strength of 47.6 MPa. Twelve concrete mixtures having various RCA (0–25–50–100%) and GGBFS (0–30–60%) replacement levels were designed with a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.50. Fresh concrete properties were observed through workability and slump loss. Compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, bond strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption and density of hardened concretes were also determined at 7 and 28 days and the relations between physical properties and mechanical properties of RCA concretes with/without GGBFS were investigated. The RCA content significantly improved the tensile splitting strength of the concrete according to the compressive strength and the use of 60% GGBFS content in RCA concrete had a marginal increasing effect on the tensile splitting strength. The mixes containing 100% RCA was found to be noticeably beneficial in terms of the bond strength and the highest bond strengths were obtained with the use of 60% GGBFS content in RAC for all series at 28 days. However the lowest density and the greatest water absorption was obtained for RAC and an inverse relationship between the density and the water absorption ratio was determined.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Martin-Morales M, Zamorano M, Ruiz-Moyano A, Valverde-Espinosa I (2011) Characterization of recycled aggregates construction, and demolition waste for concrete production following the Spanish Structural Concrete Code EHE-08. Constr Build Mater 25:742–748
Ismail S, Ramli M (2013) Engineering properties of treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for structural applications. Constr Build Mater 44:464–476
Park W, Noguchi T (2013) Influence of metal impurity on recycled aggregate concrete and inspection method for aluminum impurity. Constr Build Mater 40:1174–1183
European Commisssion (2008) Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives. Off J Eur Union 13(34):3–30
European Aggregates Association (2012) Annual review 2011–2012. UEPG, Brussels, Belgium
Ölmez E, Yıldız Ş (2008) İnşaat ve yıkıntı atıklarının yönetimi ve planlanan İstanbul modeli. In: Kent Yönetimi, İnsan ve Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu, December 2–6
Topçu İB (1997) Physical and mechanical properties of concretes produced with waste concrete. Cem Concr Res 27:1817–1823
Çelik B (2007) Recycled aggregate concrete at elevated temperatures. Boğaziçi University, Institute of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
Tüfekçi MM (2011) Investigation of reuse recycled aggregate production of concrete. Yıldız Technical University, Institute of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
Erdal B (2011) Properties of concrete containing polypropylene fiber produced with recycled aggregate. Yıldız Technical University, Institute of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
Topçu İB, Günçan NF (1995) Using waste concrete as aggregate. Cem Concr Res 25:1385–1390
Corinaldesi V (2010) Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates. Constr Build Mater 24:1616–1620
Hoffmann C, Schubert S, Leemann A, Matovalli M (2012) Recycled concrete and mixed rubble as aggregates: influence of variations in composition on the concrete properties and their use as structural material. Constr Build Mater 35:701–709
Thomas C, Setien J, Polanco JA, Alajos P, Sanchez de Juan M (2013) Durability of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 40:1054–1065
Pereira P, Evangelista L, de Brito J (2012) The effect of superplasticisers on the workability and compressive strength of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Constr Build Mater 28:722–729
Evangelista L, de Brito J (2007) Mechanical behaviour of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cem Concr Compos 29:397–401
Xiao J, Li W, Fan Y, Huang X (2012) An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete in China (1996–2011). Constr Build Mater 31:364–383
Sagoe-Crentsil KK, Brown T, Taylor AH (2001) Performance of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Cem Concr Res 31:707–712
Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G (2009) Influence of mineral additions on the performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 23:2869–2876
Kou S-C, Poon C-S, Chan D (2007) Influence of fly ash as cement replacement on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. J Mater Civ Eng 19:709–717
Kou S-C, Poon C-S, Chan D (2008) Influence of fly ash as a cement addition on the hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Mater Struct 41:1191–1201
Kou S-C, Poon C-S, Agrela F (2011) Comparisons of natural and recycled aggregate concretes prepared with the addition of different mineral admixtures. Cem Concr Compos 33:788–795
TS EN 197-1 (2012) Cement—part 1: composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 15167-1 (2006) Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout—part 1: definitions, specifications and conformity criteria. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 933-1 (2012) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates—part 1: determination of particle size distribution—Sieving method. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 1097-6 (2013) Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates—part 6: determination of particle density and water absorption. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 1097-2 (2010) Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates—part 2: methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 206 (2014) Concrete—specification, performance, production and conformity. Turkish Standards, Ankara
ASTM C192/C192M–13a (2013) Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
Mefteh H, Kebaïli O, Oucief H, Berredjem L, Arabi N (2013) Influence of moisture conditioning of recycled aggregates on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. J Clean Prod 54:282–288
TS EN 12350-2 (2009) Testing fresh concrete—part 2: Slump-test. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 12390-2 (2010) Testing hardened concrete-part 2: making and curing specimens for strength tests. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 12390-3 (2009) Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens. Turkish Standards, Ankara
TS EN 12390-6 (2010) Testing hardened concrete—part 6: tensile splitting strength of test specimens. Turkish Standards, Ankara
RILEM/CEB/FIP Recommendations on Reinforcement Steel for Reinforced Concrete (1983) Bond test for reinforcement steel 2. Pull-Out Test, RC 6. CEB news N73
TS EN 12504-4 (2004) Testing concrete. Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity. Turkish Standards, Ankara
ASTM C642-13 (2013) Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
Hansen TC (1992) Recycling of demolished concrete and masonry, Rilem Report 6, E&FN Spon
Poon CS, Shui ZH, Lam L, Fok H, Kou SC (2004) Influence of moisture states of natural and recycled aggregates on the slump and compressive strength of concrete. Cem Concr Res 34:31–36
Etxeberria M, Vazquez E, Mari A, Barra M (2007) Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cem Concr Res 37:735–742
Tabsh SW, Abdelfatah AS (2009) Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete. Constr Build Mater 23:1163–1167
Olorunsogo FT, Padayachee N (2002) Performance of recycled aggregate concrete monitored by durability indexes. Cem Concr Res 32:179–185
Ajdukiewicz A, Kliszczewicz A (2002) Influence of recycled aggregates on mechanical properties of HS/HPC. Cement Concrete Compos 24:269–79
Berndt ML (2009) Properties of sustainable concrete containing fly ash, slag and recycled concrete aggregate. Constr Build Mater 23:2606–2613
Kou S-C, Poon C-S (2013) Long-term mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete prepared with the incorporation of fly ash. Cem Concr Compos 37:12–19
Jau W-C, Fu CW, Yang C-T (2004) Study of feasibility and mechanical properties for producing high-flowing concrete with recycled coarse aggregates. International workshop on sustainable development and concrete technology, Beijing, May 20–21, pp 89–102
Duan Z-H, Poon C-S (2014) Properties of recycled aggregate concrete made with recycled aggregates with different amounts of old adhered mortar. Mater Des 58:19–29
Malešev M, Radonjanin V, Marinković S (2010) Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production. Sustainability 2:1204–1225
Xiao J, Falkner H (2007) Bond behavior between recycled aggregate concrete and steel rebars. Constr Build Mater 21:395–401
Belen G-F, Fernando M-A, Diego CL, Sindy S-P (2011) Stress–strain relationship in axial compression for concrete using recycled saturated coarse aggregate. Constr Build Mater 25:2335–2342
Dilbas H, Şimşek M, Çakır Ö (2014) An investigation on the mechanical and physical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with and without silica fume. Constr Build Mater 61:50–59
Sheen Y-N, Wang H-Y, Juang Y-P, Le D-H (2013) Assessment on the engineering properties of ready-mixed concrete using recycled aggregates. Constr Build Mater 45:298-305
Acknowledgements
This work forms a part of the MSc thesis which was submitted by the first author to Institute of Science and Technology of Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tüfekçi, M.M., Çakır, Ö. An Investigation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) Concrete with GGBFS. Int J Civ Eng 15, 549–563 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0167-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0167-x