Experimental method for the in vitro testing of the initial stability of cementless hip prostheses

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Abstract

Micromotions at the interface between bone and prosthesis are believed to induce bone resorption and ultimately lead to loosening of the implant. Thus the initial stability achieved by a hip prosthesis is an important factor for the long-term function of the implant. Knowing the biological consequences of the mechanical conditions, it appears to be mandatory to measure the extent of these three-dimensional movements. An in vitro dynamic method for measurement of the micromotion of the femoral component of hip prostheses has been developed. Tests in cemented prostheses have confirmed that the use of cement reduces sinkage and rotation manyfold and have yielded reference values for stability. Comparison with two types of cementless prostheses has shown that certain cementless implants may achieve stability comparable to cemented ones in some load directions.

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      Citation Excerpt :

      The evaluation of the in vitro stability of a prosthesis is determined by measuring the relative motion between the prosthesis and the surrounding bone (micromotion). A number of studies have measured prosthesis micromotion along various anatomical axes (axial, anterior–posterior, medial–lateral), either uniaxially (Baleani et al., 2000; Bieger et al., 2012; Burke et al., 1991; Callaghan et al., 1992; Choi et al., 2010; Claes et al., 2000; Gotze et al., 2002; Harman et al., 1995; Hua and Walker, 1994; McKellop et al., 1991; Schneider et al., 1989a, 1989b), biaxially (Bachus et al., 1999; Cristofolini et al., 2007; Pal et al., 2010), or triaxially (Berzins et al., 1993; Buhler et al., 1997; Dujardin et al., 1996; Fottner et al., 2011; Ostbyhaug et al., 2010; Speirs et al., 2000; Walker et al., 1987). Prosthesis stability was defined as the magnitude of micromotion that encourages bony ingrowth into the prosthesis, which has been found to be approximately 40 μm or less (Engh et al., 1992; Pilliar et al., 1986).

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    This manuscript has in part been presented at the 33rd Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, January 19–22, 1987.

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