Single crystal synthesis and electrical properties of CdSnO3, Cd2SnO4, In2TeO6 and Cdln2O4

doi:10.1016/0022-3697(77)90126-3

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

Volume 38, Issue 8, 1977, Pages 877-881

https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(77)90126-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Single crystals of CdSnO₃, Cd₂SnO₄, ln₂TeO₆ and CdIn₂O₄ were grown by either flux or high pressure methods. High electrical conductivity resulted from chemical substitution or oxygen deficiency. Crystallographic and conductivity data are given.

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Cited by (142)

A comprehensive investigation on CdO-SnO<inf>2</inf> system: Structure, thermal expansion and energetics
2023, Journal of Alloys and Compounds
An extensive investigation into the thermochemical stability of two ternary oxides, ilmenite-type CdSnO₃(s) and orthorhombic Cd₂SnO₄(s), in the Cd-Sn-O system was reported for the first time using high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in conjunction with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal relaxation calorimetry. The values of standard molar enthalpy of formation ( $∆_{f} H_{298.15}^{°}$ ), standard molar entropy ( $S_{298.15}^{°})$ , molar heat capacity and Debye temperature ( $θ_{D}$ ) for ilmenite-type CdSnO₃(s) and orthorhombic Cd₂SnO₄(s) were determined. Using the experimentally obtained thermochemical data, the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation of these compounds were derived and the corresponding expressions are given as follows:
$∆_{f} G_{m}^{°} < CdSn O_{3} > \pm 1.3 (kJ {mol}^{- 1}) = - 847.9 + 0.2781 (T / K) (T : 298.15 - 1000 K)$
$∆_{f} G_{m}^{°} < {Cd}_{2} Sn O_{4} > \pm 3.6 (kJ {mol}^{- 1}) = - 1138.1 + 0.3831 (T / K) (T : 298.15 - 1000 K)$
Moreover, high temperature XRD experiments were conducted to evaluate their thermal expansion behaviour as well as for the in-situ identification of phase evolution resulting from decomposition of cadmium stannates.
Exploring the effect of partial RE (Nd, Eu, Tm) substitution on Sn sites on the electronic and physical properties of BaSnO<inf>3</inf>
2022, Physica B: Condensed Matter
We have studied with the help of density functional calculations of the structural, phonon, elastic, mechanical, thermodynamic, electronic and optical properties of pure and RE (Nd, Eu, Tm) substituted BaSnO₃ compounds. For this purpose, we have been used VASP. Our calculated ground-state and elastic properties of BaSnO₃ are consistent with available experimental and other theoretical results. The phonon spectrum and elastic modulus results confirmed that pure and RE substituted compounds are dynamic and mechanically stable. Our calculated results suggest that both pure and RE substituted compounds exhibited brittle behaviour. The free energy, entropy, heat capacity as a function of temperature from 0 K to 1000 K have been estimated and discussed. The optical properties such as the real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant, refractive index, reflectivity, absorption and energy loss function have been computed and discussed. In addition to this, the electronic band structure results reveal that RE substitution on BaSnO₃ has changed the significant effect on the bandgap value. Our obtained electronic and optical results of these materials reflect that they are suitable for optoelectronic device applications.
Synthesis, characterization and gas sensing properties of the rhombohedral ilmenite CdSnO<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles
2020, Physica B: Condensed Matter
Herein, we report the synthesis of rhombohedral ilmenite CdSnO₃ nanoparticles through coprecipitation method. The effect of sintering temperatures on phase purity of nanoparticles was observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and further their structure parametres were determined. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of stable and phase pure rhombohedral ilmenite crystal structure of nanoparticles calcinated at 900 °C. For the first time, experimental observation of theoretically calculated various Raman active modes corresponding to CdSnO₃ samples has been reported. The electron microscopy results suggest that synthesized nanoparticles have spherical shape with diameter lying in the range of 40–45 nm which is in accordance with the crystallite size as calculated using XRD data. The gas sensors were fabricated to explore the sensing properties of synthesized nanoparticles at different operating temperature. The sensing results shows that the sensor have good selectivity for propanol against the other gases at relatively lower temperature of 150 °C.
Template free synthesis of CdSnO<inf>3</inf> micro-cuboids for dye sensitized solar cells
2019, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
Mesoporous transparent conducting oxide, CdSnO₃ has been synthesized using ultrasonication assisted co-precipitation method. Rather employing any template or structure directing agent, the co-precipitation effect of sodium hydroxide and citric acid were able to form cuboid shaped CdSnO₃ during the sonochemical treatment as investigated by a systematic X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy studies. An optimum 3:1 molar concentration of NaOH and citric acid leads to form cuboidal structure of CdSnO₃ on calcined at 700 °C. Further calcination at 800 °C converted cuboids to nanoparticles. Comparative studies have been carried out between the cuboid and particle morphology to understand the physico-chemical properties related to the morphology using various characterization techniques. Further, the CTO cuboids and the decomposed nanoparticles have been tested as photoanode for dye sensitized solar cell applications. The cuboid based photoanode exhibited an enhanced efficiency of 3.23% with a V_OC of 0.72 V than its decomposed nanoparticle which exhibited a lower efficiency of 2.67%. The electrochemical impedance and incident photon to electron conversion efficiency results also support enhanced performance of cuboid based device than particle. The overall results show the advantage of cuboidal CdSnO₃ in rapid electron injection and higher light reflection leading to improved current density of the DSSC device than the decomposed nanoparticle form. The results establish the application of less explored CdSnO₃ as a photoanode in DSSCs application.
Transition from mobility-activated small polaron to carrier density-activated conduction of sol-gel-derived highly-oriented CuAlO<inf>2</inf> thin film and enhanced thermoelectric properties
2018, Ceramics International
CuAlO₂ is a technologically important material having diverse applications, including superior thermoelectric properties. Its unique crystallographic structure manifests an anisotropic environment for the charge carriers and phonons, which is considered to be the reason for the enhancement of the thermopower. To exploit this novel property, a controlled sol-gel deposition technique is adopted to realize highly c-axis-oriented growth of CuAlO₂ thin film on Si and glass substrates. Thermoelectric measurements are performed in such a way that the carriers are confined along the a-b plane of the nanocrystal, which is parallel to the substrate. This allows a two-dimensional confinement of the charge carriers, leading to enhanced thermoelectric properties. Additionally, the temperature-dependent electrical characterizations depict two different charge-transport regimes with a cross-over at 360 K. The low-temperature region corresponds to the mobility-activated small-polaron conduction and the high-temperature region belongs to the semiconductor-type carrier-density-activated conduction. Calculation of polaron activation energy from low-temperature regime indicates considerable influence of band carriers (hole) on the polaronic levels, due to which the above-mentioned transition is manifested. Calculations of activation and Fermi energy from high-temperature regime reveal a deep acceptor level and shallow Fermi level, which is typical of a non-degenerate semiconductor with acceptors not fully ionized at room temperature.
Structural and electro-optical properties of sol-gel processed Cd<inf>2</inf>SnO<inf>4</inf> powder and nanocrystalline films
2017, Thin Solid Films
Cadmium stannate powder and polycrystalline thin films were prepared from chelate-based sol gel chemistry and crystallized at different temperatures in preheated tube furnace. The films were further annealed at 680 °C in nitrogen for 1 h. These powders and films were characterized for their structural evolution. The crystallinity and phase purity of powders and films were particularly sensitive to firing and annealing temperatures, firing ambient, and the level of cadmium in the starting precursor system. Deviations in the Cd content of the powder and film were principally due to metallic cadmium volatilization. The adverse effect of cadmium loss during CTO processing is typically circumvented by providing excess cadmium. The effect of several variables on crystallization behavior of CTO powder and film was investigated to determine the best conditions for preparing monophasic spinel phase as it is known to give the best electro-optical properties. An optimized firing profile for CTO films was developed. A pyrolysis step at 500 °C was crucial to the preparation of Cd₂SnO₄ thin film with good electro-optical properties.

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^†: Contribution No. 2418.

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Single crystal synthesis and electrical properties of CdSnO3, Cd2SnO4, In2TeO6 and Cdln2O4

Abstract

J. Phys. Chem. Solids

J. Phys. Chem. Solids

J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.

J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.

J. Phys. Chem. Solids

Mat. Res. Bull.

J. Solid State Chem.

Phys. Rev.

Br. J. Appl. Phys.

Proc. Br. Ceram. Soc.

Br. J. Appl. Phys.

J. Appl. Phys.

J. Appl. Phys.

J. Appl. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

J. Appl. Phys.

Materials Methods

Electronic Components

Indium Oxide Glaze Resistors

Pacific Coast Regional Mtg. of Amer. Ceram. Soc.

Single crystal synthesis and electrical properties of CdSnO₃, Cd₂SnO₄, In₂TeO₆ and Cdln₂O₄