Crystal quality of lysozyme single crystals grown by the gel acupuncture method
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Cited by (40)
Prospects for membrane protein crystals in NMX
2020, Methods in EnzymologyCitation Excerpt :There are several methods for setting up capillary crystallization experiments (for a detailed review, refer to the comprehensive article by Otalora et al. (2009), with the most common setups often involving the precipitant and protein solutions being separated by a physical buffer, usually a gel such as agarose, in order to delay the onset of diffusion or avoid osmotic shock. An example is the Gel Acupuncture Method (Garcia-Ruiz, Moreno, Viedma, & Coll, 1993), where a capillary filled with protein is embedded in agarose gel. Precipitant solution is added on top of or in the gel, which then proceeds to diffuse into the protein solution and up the capillary.
Crystal growth of inorganic, organic, and biological macromolecules in gels
2017, Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of MaterialsCitation Excerpt :These advances in the growth of proteins in capillary tubes permitted Prof. García-Ruiz and his team to develop, in 1993, the first variant of the counter-diffusion methods, called the gel acupuncture technique (well-known with the acronym GAME) [16]. This novel technique consists of a precipitating agent that diffuses through the gel inside a capillary tube filled with a protein solution, thus also enabling crystallisation of small molecular weight compounds [17]. These methods applied to proteins will be discussed at the end of this review.
Crystallization in Gels
2015, Handbook of Crystal Growth: Bulk Crystal Growth: Second EditionCrystal growth of proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses in gels
2009, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :The addition of a low concentration of agarose (0.15% m/v) minimises the effects of gravity on fluid dynamics. This is a prerequisite for the implementation of counter-diffusion in glass capillaries (García-Ruiz et al., 1993, 1999; García-Ruiz and Moreno, 1997; Ng et al., 2003). In a similar investigation, 0.05% (m/v) gellan gum (a water-soluble bacterial polysaccharide) sufficed to depress convection and detect wider concentration gradients near the surface of growing lysozyme crystals and lower transport rates than in solution (Hou et al., 2001).
Protein crystallization by capillary counterdiffusion for applied crystallographic structure determination
2003, Journal of Structural Biology