Influence of fillers and fibre reinforcement on abrasive wear resistance of some polymeric composites

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(90)90169-B

Wear

Volume 138, Issues 1–2, June 1990, Pages 77-92

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Abstract

Fillers and fibre reinforcement increase the strength and stiffness of a polymer, and hence are effective in reducing wear in dry sliding conditions involving adhesion transfer or fatigue. However, in abrasive wear, such reinforcements are less effective and, in some cases, increase the abrasive wear rate. For a better understanding of this, abrasive wear studies were carried out on four types of polymers and their filler- and/or fibre-reinforced composites, abrading the polymer pins against an abrasive surface of silicon carbide paper of a fixed grit size. In most cases, the specific wear rate decreased with an increase in load. Except for bronze-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), all the fillers (carbon, graphite, PTFE and MoS₂) as well as short glass fibres increased abrasive wear. These results may be attributed to the reinforcement greatly reducing the ultimate elongation to fracture which in turn is a key factor in abrasive wear performance. The extent of counterface modification in multipass studies was observed to be another important factor in the abrasive wear performance of the composites. Worn pin and paper surfaces were also studied with scanning electron microscopy.

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The interface controls the contact level between the filler and the polymer and then regulates the characteristics. J. Bijwe et al. [28] studied the influence of fillers and fiber reinforcement in PEI. They reported that the specific wear rate decreases with an increase in load.
The need for exploring the mechanical and wear behavior of thermoset polymers and their composites is found to be ever-increasing, owing to their usage in an enormous number of engineering applications. This article briefs recent studies and inferences drawn on mechanical and tribological (wear and friction) behavior and several other associated factors that govern the properties of polymer-based composites. In addition to primary reinforcements, a wide range of secondary fillers are being reinforced in polymers to enhance mechanical and wear performance. Glass, Carbon, and Kevlar are widely used primary reinforcements in polymers along with various secondary reinforcements like SiC, Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃, MoS₂, WS₂ TiO₂, SiO₂, ZrO₂, MbO₂, ZnS, CaCO₃, CaO, MgCO₃, Ta/NbC, MgO, TiC, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), graphite, and hexagonal boron nitride. A detailed review of research carried out by scientists to correlate the effect of secondary reinforcements on the mechanical and tribological performance of polymer composites is documented in the present article. The impact of the geometry of primary reinforcements along with varying particle size and volume fraction of secondary reinforcements is discussed in the present paper. Surface modification, which is considered as a substantial solution for delamination by many researchers, is discussed.
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In the present work, dry sliding wear characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite reinforced with carbon fibre against Aluminium 6061 alloy has been performed. The 25% and 30% weight fraction of carbon fiber reinforcement has been used to fabricate PTFE composites. Dry sliding wear characteristics of carbon-filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites testing were carried out on pin-on-disk apparatus. The operating parameters considered are normal load on the pin, disk rotation (rpm) and temperature correlating with pressure, sliding velocity and temperature respectively. The Aluminium 6061 disc with specified surface finish on both of its sides is used for wear testing. A mathematical model is being developed to predict the specific wear rate in terms of pressure and temperature to understand the parametric effect on the wear rate of carbon filled PTFE composite against Aluminium 6061. It is been seen from the results that pressure variation had no significant effect on wear rate compare to temperature. Experimental results demonstratte 35% carbon filled PTFE material has a prominent wear rate as compared to 25% carbon filled PTFE.
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In this work, we present a non-traditional approach to modeling two-body abrasive wear due to the contact between elastomeric tire compounds and road surfaces. In this direction, the process of two-body abrasion between rubber and surface is modeled as a multiscale contact-fracture process. At the microscale, cracks are initiated and grow due to contact stresses. These initiated cracks at the microscale lead to macrocracks that grow as fatigue cracks over long periods resulting in substantial wear volume. This work is limited to modeling the phenomena at the microscale. The computational results are compared with abrasion experiments conducted on the rubber samples based on ASTM DIN 53516 standards.
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Due to the low filler particle density, and hence microscopic heterogeneity of the polymer microcomposites, applied mechanical stresses on the composite concentrate the polymer-filler interfaces. Thus, the increased mechanical strength and elastic modulus coincide with reduced ductility of the composite material, and, consequently, reduced abrasive wear resistance compared to the neat polymer [2]. Owing to their small particle size and large surface area, dispersed nanopowders in general affect the matrix polymer properties, e.g. elastic stiffness, barrier properties etc., at low loadings in the 0.1 to 2 vol-% range, whereas typically five to tenfold loadings are necessary when using similar shaped micron size fillers [21].
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^☆: Paper presented at the International Conference on Wear of Materials, Denver, CO, U.S.A., April 8–14, 1989.

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Influence of fillers and fibre reinforcement on abrasive wear resistance of some polymeric composites☆

Abstract

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Wear

Tribol. Int.

Wear

Wear

Wear

Tribol. Int.

Tribophysics

Effect of normal load on the specific wear rate of fibrous composites

Wear

Wear of metals by elastomers in an abrasive environment

Wear

Friction and wear