[30] Nickel analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

doi:10.1016/0076-6879(88)58070-9

Methods in Enzymology

Volume 158, 1988, Pages 382-391

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This chapter discusses the nickel analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. This procedure involves (1) digestion with mixed nitric, sulfuric, and perchloric acids, (2) chelation of nickel with ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate, (3) extraction of bis(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)nickel(II) into 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and (4) measurement of nickel in the solvent extract by EAAS. The simpler EAAS procedures are described in this chapter. The present EAAS procedures have the advantages of greater analytical sensitivity and precision, and they are considerably more rapid and convenient than the reference procedure. Three procedures are presented, such as acid digestion technique, protein precipitation technique, and direct technique. The detection limits for nickel determinations by these techniques, expressed as three times the standard deviation (SD) of the reagent blanks. To minimize nickel contamination, the analyses should be performed in a scrupulously clean laboratory room that is solely devoted to determinations of trace elements.

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Cited by (16)

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The solution properties of nickel complex with 4-(2′-benzo-thiazolylazo) salicylic acid (BTAS) have been studied by zero-order absorption spectrophotometry in 40% (v/v) ethanol at 20 °C and an ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm⁻³ (KNO₃). The equilibria that exist in solution were established and the basic characteristics of complexes formed were determined. A new direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of the nickel is proposed based on the formation of the Ni (BTAS) complex at pH 7.0. The absorption maximum, molar absorbtivity, and Sandell's sensitivity of 1:1 (M:L) complex are 525 nm, 0.6×10⁴ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 2.824×10⁻⁹ μg cm⁻², respectively. The use of first-derivative spectrophotometry eliminates the interference of iron and enables the simultaneous determination of nickel and iron using BTAS. Quantitative determination of Ni(II) and Fe(III) is possible in the range (0.59–7.08) and (2.1–8.4) μg ml⁻¹, respectively with a relative standard deviation of 0.5%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nickel and iron in steel alloys and aluminum alloys.
Determination of nickel in human urine by ion chromatography with series bulk acoustic wave detection
1998, Talanta
By using ion chromatography with series bulk acoustic wave detection, a method for the determination of nickel at microgram per liter levels in urine has been developed. The highly sensitive response of series bulk acoustic wave (SBAW) detection has been combined with the selectivity of ion chromatography and hence sensitivity and precision have been improved. The detection and determination limits of the method for nickel are 0.4 and 2.0 ng ml⁻¹, respectively. For the IC analysis, the analytical column is a Shim-pack IC C1 column and the mobile phase is 4.5 mM tartaric acid solution. The method allows the determination of nickel in the presence of some ions commonly co-occurring with it. Urine samples from individuals with no occupational exposure to nickel were analyseded successfully.
The 40 kDa <sup>63</sup>Ni<sup>2+</sup>-binding protein (pNiXc) on Western blots of Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos is the monomer of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase A
1995, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Protein Structure and Molecular
A Ni²⁺-binding protein (pNiXc, 40 kDa), present in Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos, was isolated from mature oocytes by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and cellulose phosphate, followed by FPLC on Ni-iminodiacetate-Agarose, or reverse-phase HPLC on a C-4 column. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that intact pNiXc is ≈ 155 kDa, consistent with tetrametric structure, After cleavage with Lys-C proteinase or cyanogen bromide, six peptides were separated by HPLC and sequenced by Edman degradation, providing sequence data for 83 residues. Data-base search showed similarity of pNiXc to eukaryotic aldolases, with 96% identity to human aldolase A. pNiXc demonstrated aldolase activity with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as substrate (K_m, 30 μM V_max 26 μmol min⁻¹mg⁻¹); the aldolase activity was inhibited non-competitively by Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, or Ni²⁺. Equilibrium dialysis showed high affinity binding (K_D, 7μM) of 1 mole of Ni per mole of 40 kDa subunit. Based on metal-blot competition assays, the abilities of metals to compete with ⁶³Ni²⁺ for binding to pNiXc were ranked: Cu²⁺ ⪢ Zn²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Co²⁺. This study identifies pNiXc as the monomer of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase A, and raises the possibility that aldolase A is a target enzyme for metal toxicity.
Tentative reference values for nickel concentrations in human serum, plasma, blood, and urine: evaluation according to the TRACY protocol
1994, Science of the Total Environment, The
Published reports of Ni concentrations in human serum or plasma, whole blood, and urine have been reviewed in order to establish a database of reference values. In keeping with the TRACY program as previously applied to Hg, reports were evaluated in the categories of description of sample population, specimen collection and processing, analytical methods, and data presentation. Based on these considerations, eight studies of Ni in serum were deemed suitable for establishing reference levels in the general population. In five of these studies, the mean values for serum Ni concentration were < 0.3 μg/l and the upper limits were ≤ 1.1 μg/l. Six studies of Ni urine were found suitable, and in four of these the mean values of Ni were ≤ 2.0 μg/l and the upper limits were ≤ 6.0 μg/l. Fewer studies on Ni in whole blood have been reported, and the Ni content of blood remains uncertain.
Nickel
1994, Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry
This chapter analyzes the biological specimen of the Nickel (Ni) trace elements that is most important for toxicological, epidemiological, and environmental studies. The basic principles and limitations of the presently available trace analytical methodology and its detailed description of reliable procedures and quality control measures, serve as a valuable aid for all those who are involved in trace element analysis is discussed. Nickel is a Group VIII transition element of atomic mass 58.62. Metallic Ni is lustrous, hard and ferromagnetic. Ni is an allergen, and eczematous contact dermatitis is the probably the most common and important health problem in Ni-related industries. Occupational exposure is transdermally and by inhalation and ingestion. Significant exposures occur in Ni mining, refining and smelting industries, stainless steel and Ni alloy production, electroplating, catalysts and paints. For the practical analysis of Ni in biological materials, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) techniques are important, and for biological fluids demand only very simple steps for sample preparation. Voltammetric methods provide lower detection limits in specially prepared samples, while less sensitive methods such as Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) are useful in multi element protocols with tissues and other solid samples.
Effects of nickel chloride on lactating rats and their suckling pups, and the transfer of nickel through rat milk
1989, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
The excretion of nickel into rat milk following subcutaneous (sc) doses of nickel chloride (NiCl₂) and the effects on the lactating rat and her suckling pups were determined. Plasma and milk Ni concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner 4 hr after single doses of 0, 10, 50, or 100 μmol NiCl₂/kg to lactating rats, giving milk/plasma Ni ratios of 0.02. Peak plasma Ni concentrations were reached 4 hr after injection, while milk Ni increased until 12 hr and remained elevated at 24 hr. Dosing for 4 days at 50 or 100 μmol NiCl₂/kg/day led to higher milk/plasma Ni ratios of 0.10. These doses of NiCl₂ had no effect on body weight but caused decreased food consumption, thymic atrophy, and a small increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation in the dams. Significant alterations in milk composition, which were not due to decreased food consumption as determined in pair-fed rats, included increased milk solids (42%) and lipid (110%), and decreased milk protein (29%) and lactose (61%). NiCl₂ treatment also caused significant decreases in mammary RNA content and the $RNA DNA$ ratio compared to both ad libitum-fed and pair-fed rats, indicating that milk synthetic activity was reduced by NiCl₂. Pups suckling the NiCl₂-treated dams had plasma Ni concentrations of 24 and 48 μg/liter in the 50 and 100 μmol/kg dose groups, respectively, and had decreased liver weight but no changes in hepatic lipid peroxidation or thymus weight. The results indicate that high doses of NiCl₂ led to the excretion of Ni into rat milk and changes in milk quality and production. Reductions in liver weight in the suckling pups were also observed which may have been due to nickel exposure or to changes in milk composition.

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[30] Nickel analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

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Clin. Biochem.

Pure Appl. Chem.

Clin. Chem.