Elsevier

Design Studies

Volume 13, Issue 2, April 1992, Pages 135-156
Design Studies

Kinds of seeing and their functions in designing

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We consider designing as a conversation with materials conducted in the medium of drawing and crucially dependent on seeing, of which we distinguish several kinds: literal visual apprehension of (in this instance marks on a page; appreciative judgments of quality (such as ‘too small in scale’); apprehension of spatial gestalts (such as ‘two L's back to back’). We describe the functions of the several kinds of seeing in designers' move experiments, their reasoning, and the learning that results from and feeds into episodes of designing. From this analysis, we draw implications for epistemology, education and computation in design.

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