Elsevier

Biomass

Volume 14, Issue 3, 1987, Pages 185-194
Biomass

Dehydration of d-fructose to levulinic acid over LZY zeolite catalyst

https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(87)90046-1Get rights and content

Abstract

Molten d-fructose was catalytically dehydrated to HMF and levulinic acid over solid-acid LZY zeolite powder within a sealed batch reactor at 140°C. Analysis of the product distribution via HPLC after various reaction times (0 to 15 h) revealed that the model for the heterogeneous dehydration of d-fructose over LZY zeolite catalyst was consistent with the model for the homogeneous hydronium ion-catalyzed d-fructose dehydration. After 15 h, the maximum yield of levulinic acid was 0·432 g levulinic acid per 1·00 g of the original d-fructose, but the net yield of HMF was only 0·044 g HMF per 1·00 g of the original d-fructose. The high yield of levulinic acid was due to the strong dehydration ability of the Lewis acid sites on the alumina/silica support of the LZY zeolite. The high selectivity was due to the molecular-sieving capability of the LZY zeolite matrix, which trapped the 0·82 nm diameter HMF molecule within a ‘cage’ adjoining the 0·75 nm LZY zeolite pores.

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