Red Sea mining: A new era
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Cited by (27)
Chemical characteristics of modern deep-sea metalliferous sediments in closed versus open basins, with emphasis on rare-earth elements and Nd isotopes
2021, Earth-Science ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Numerous studies of the Atlantis II Deep sediments have since produced a detailed picture of their stratigraphy, mineralogy, chemistry and potential economic value (Bischoff, 1969, 1972; Bischoff and Manheim, 1969; Bäcker and Richter, 1973; Hackett and Bischoff, 1973; Delevaux and Doe, 1974; Steinkamp and Schumann, 1974; Manheim and Siems, 1974; Bäcker, 1976; Bignell et al., 1976; Lupton et al., 1977; Shanks and Bischoff, 1977, 1980; Thisse, 1982; Pottorf and Barnes, 1983; Thisse et al., 1983; Zierenberg and Shanks, 1983, 1988; Mustafa et al., 1984; Oudin, 1987; Karbe, 1987; Singer and Stoffers, 1987; Cole, 1988; Dupré et al., 1988; Guney et al., 1988; Ramboz et al., 1988; Butuzova et al., 1990; Badaut et al., 1992; Cocherie et al., 1994; Blanc et al., 1998; Pierret et al., 1998; Taitel-Goldman and Singer, 2001, 2002; Taitel-Goldman et al., 2004, 2009; Bertram et al., 2011; Laurila et al., 2014a, 2014b, 2015; Brueckmann et al., 2017; Cuadros et al., 2018). The metalliferous sediments of the Atlantis II Deep constitute a major deposit of base and precious metals with an estimated in-situ value of US$ 11 billion (Brueckmann et al., 2017); mining schemes have been proposed for piping the sediments to a surface ship, with primary processing carried out at sea (Mustafa and Amann, 1980; Nawab, 1984; Thiel et al., 2015; Hamer, 2017). Detailed investigations have been made on the temperature and chemical composition of the brine layers that overlie the metalliferous sediments in the Atlantis II Deep (Ross, 1972; Schoell and Faber, 1978; Danielsson et al., 1980; Hartmann, 1985; Zierenberg and Shanks, 1986; Anschutz et al., 1995, 1998, 2000; Anschutz and Blanc, 1996; Winckler et al., 2000, 2001; Pierret et al., 2001; Swift et al., 2012; Anschutz, 2015; Schardt, 2016), and on microbial communities both in the hot brines (Eder et al., 2001; Qian et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011, 2013) and in the underlying sediments (Siam et al., 2012).
Numerical calculations of environmental impacts for deep sea mining activities
2019, Science of the Total EnvironmentMineral Extraction, Authigenic Minerals
2019, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Third Edition: Volume 1-5Mineral extraction, authigenic minerals
2019, Encyclopedia of Ocean SciencesCoral reefs of the Red Sea — Challenges and potential solutions
2019, Regional Studies in Marine ScienceNews from the seabed – Geological characteristics and resource potential of deep-sea mineral resources
2016, Marine PolicyCitation Excerpt :However, some of the largest deposits, such as those along the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge, have relatively low metal grades [34,46] (Table 3). An important, but perhaps unique, exception is the brine pool deposits in the Atlantis II Deep of the Red Sea, by far the largest metal deposit (90 Mt) on the modern seafloor [47]. However, these deposits form in a unique geological setting where the ore material is deposited as unconsolidated metal-bearing muds instead of massive sulfide.