Ecotourism in Antarctica and adjacent sub-Antarctic islands: development, impacts, management and prospects for the future

doi:10.1016/0261-5177(93)90044-L

Tourism Management

Volume 14, Issue 2, April 1993, Pages 117-122

https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(93)90044-L Get rights and content

Abstract

This article discusses touristic activity in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, and the development of an appropriate management regime for ecotourism on the continent. The article examines the current and potential impacts of tourism on Antarctica's environmental and cultural heritage and within the Australian Antarctic Territory in particular. It then provides an appraisal of the political context which is unique to the Antarctic situation and which shapes the peculiar circumstances which surround Antarctic ecotourism. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential development of national and international mechanisms to manage tourism in a sustainable manner in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands.

References (43)

C.M. Hall
Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management
Journal of Travel Research
(1992)
R. Raymond
Frozen assets
Panorama
(1990)
C.M. Hall
Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management
Journal of Travel Research
(1992)
C.M. Hall
Tourism in Antarctica
R.J. Reich
The development of Antarctic tourism
Polar Record
(1980)
R.J. Codling
Sea-borne tourism in the Antarctic: an evaluation
Polar Record
(1982)
D. O'Sullivan
Antarctic tourism - problems for management
N. Wace
Antarctica: a new tourist destination
Applied Geography
(1990)
C.M. Hall
Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management
Journal of Travel Research
(1992)
Record Polar
Report of the tenth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Wellington, 1979
Polar Record
(1980)
L.H. Stephenson
Macquarie Island Nature Reserve - a philosophical approach to ecosystem conservation and the management of human impact
(1990)
C.M. Hall
Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management
Journal of Travel Research
(1992)
C.M. Hall
Tourism in Antarctica
House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts (HRSCERA)
Tourism in Antarctica
C.M. Hall
Introduction to Tourism in Australia: Impacts, Planning, and Development
(1991)
C.M. Hall et al.
Introduction. What's so special about special interest tourism
P. Valentine
Review. Nature-based tourism

R.J. Reich

Tourism in the Antarctic: Its Present Impact and Future Development

(1979)

C.M. Hall

Tourism in Antarctica

C.M. Hall

Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management

Journal of Travel Research

(1992)

P.J. Beck

Antarctica enters the 1990s: an overview

Applied Geography

(1990)

P.J. Beck

Regulating one of the last tourist frontiers: Antarctica

Applied Geography

(1990)

C.M. Hall

Australians fear French move to new nuclear test site

Alternatives: Perspectives on Science, Technology and the Environment

(1987)

N. Peat

Treading softly in the sub-Antarctic

Terra Nova

(1991)

L.H. Stephenson

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve - a philosophical approach to ecosystem conservation and the management of human impact

(1990)

Tasmanian Department of Parks, Wildlife, Heritage

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan

(1991)

L. Kriwoken et al.

Antarctic environmental policies: protected areas

D. Masson

Holidays to help the planet

The Australian Magazine

(3–4 March 1990)

House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts (HRSCERA)

Tourism in Antarctica

R.J. Codling

Sea-borne tourism in the Antarctic: an evaluation

Polar Record

(1982)

R.K. Headland et al.

Activities on King George Island group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Polar Record

(1985)

J. Smith

Specks in the Southern Ocean

(1986)

R.I.L. Smith et al.

Early nineteenth century sealer's refuges on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands

British Antarctic Survey Bulletin

(February 1987)

L.H. Stephenson

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve — a philosophical approach to ecosystem conservation and the management of human impact

(1990)

Tasmanian Department of Parks, Wildlife, Heritage

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan

(1991)

House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts (HRSCERA)

Tourism in Antarctica

Cited by (21)

Attitudinal compliance with ecotourism guidelines
1997, Annals of Tourism Research
This study has developed and tested a conceptual framework to explain compliance attitudes of ecotour operators with industry guidelines. The results suggest that compliance with ecotourism principles is a function of a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors concerning ecotour operators, including the type of social and economic sanctions, gender of the respondents, perceived moral obligations, and revenue obtained from ecotourism. The key strategies for increasing compliance seem to lie in educating the tour operators and placing a call to their conscience. Some strategies for increasing compliance are suggested.
La conformité de l'écotourisme avec les lignes directrices de l'industrie. Cette étude a développé et essayé un cadre conceptuel pour expliquer les attitudes de conformité des organisateurs de voyages écologiques avec les lignes directrices de l'industrie. Les résultats suggèrent que la conformité avec les principes de l'écotourisme est en fonction d'une multitude de facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques au sujet des organisateurs de l'écotourisme, y compris le genre de sanctions sociales et économiques, des sondés masculins ou féminins, la perception des obligations morales et le revenu qui est acquis avec l'écotourisme. Les stratégies clés pour augmenter la conformité semblent résider dans l'éducation des organisateurs et dans un appel à leur conscience. On suggère quelques stratégies pour augmenter la conformité.
A visitor code for the Arctic
1994, Tourism Management
This paper investigates the use of visitor codes as a technique in tourism management. A brief history of the development of ecotourism is provided as a context for the use of codes. A discussion of the nature and use of visitor codes in a number of ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ countries is provided. A critique of the use of codes is also given. The nature of the Arctic environment is investigated and a rationale for a visitor code given. A draft ‘Visitor Code for the Arctic’ is suggested and this employs some ideas obtained from the World Wide Fund for Nature Arctic Programme Director. The author also draws on his own experience in formulating the ‘Himalayan Code’ to make insights relevant to the visitor code for the Arctic. Suggestions on how circumpolar universities could assist with the visitor code are also made.
Managing nature tourism in the Sub-Antarctic
1994, Annals of Tourism Research
Nature-based tourism in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic regions has grown substantially in recent years. However, relatively few studies have examined tourism in the Sub-Antarctic region. This article discusses the growth and nature of tourist visitation in the Sub-Antarctic and the development of management regimes for conserving the region's fragile nature and cultural heritage. Special reference is given to the Australian and New Zealand management strategies and the potential conflict between the objectives of government authorities and large and small operators in developing visitor guidelines. The article concludes by noting the significance of the development of Sub-Antarctic visitor management strategies for the concept of sustainable tourism.
L'administration du tourisme de la nature en région subantarctique. On a vu récemment une forte croissance dans le tourisme qui est basé dans la nature des régions antarctiques et subantarctiques. Peu d'études, cependant, ont examiné le tourisme en région subantarctique. Le présent article discute la croissance et la nature du tourisme aux zones subantarctiques ainsi que le développement de formes d'administration pour conserver la nature fragile et le patrimoine culturel de la région. On fait surtout attention aux stratégies administratives en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande et au conflit potentiel entre les objectifs du gouvernement et ceux des tour-opérateurs en ce qui concerne les visiteurs. On finit par mentionner l'importance du développement des stratégies de gestion du tourisme subantarctique pour le concept du tourisme soutenable.
Carbon dioxide emissions of Antarctic tourism
2011, Antarctic Science
Does ecotourism contribute to sustainable destination development, or is it just a marketing hoax? Analyzing twenty-five years contested journey of ecotourism through a meta-analysis of tourism journal publications
2019, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
The importance of Antarctica: assessing the values ascribed to Antarctica by its researchers to aid effective climate change communication
2016, Polar Journal

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Case studyEcotourism in Antarctica and adjacent sub-Antarctic islands: development, impacts, management and prospects for the future

Abstract

Journal of Travel Research

Frozen assets

Panorama

Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management

Journal of Travel Research

Tourism in Antarctica

The development of Antarctic tourism

Polar Record

Sea-borne tourism in the Antarctic: an evaluation

Polar Record

Antarctic tourism - problems for management

Antarctica: a new tourist destination

Applied Geography

Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management

Journal of Travel Research

Report of the tenth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Wellington, 1979

Polar Record

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve - a philosophical approach to ecosystem conservation and the management of human impact

Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management

Journal of Travel Research

Tourism in Antarctica

Tourism in Antarctica

Introduction to Tourism in Australia: Impacts, Planning, and Development

Introduction. What's so special about special interest tourism

Review. Nature-based tourism

Tourism in the Antarctic: Its Present Impact and Future Development

Tourism in Antarctica

Tourism in Antarctica: activities, impacts, and management

Journal of Travel Research

Antarctica enters the 1990s: an overview

Applied Geography

Regulating one of the last tourist frontiers: Antarctica

Applied Geography

Australians fear French move to new nuclear test site

Alternatives: Perspectives on Science, Technology and the Environment

Treading softly in the sub-Antarctic

Terra Nova

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve - a philosophical approach to ecosystem conservation and the management of human impact

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan

Antarctic environmental policies: protected areas

Holidays to help the planet

The Australian Magazine

Tourism in Antarctica

Sea-borne tourism in the Antarctic: an evaluation

Polar Record

Activities on King George Island group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Polar Record

Specks in the Southern Ocean

Early nineteenth century sealer's refuges on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands

British Antarctic Survey Bulletin

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve — a philosophical approach to ecosystem conservation and the management of human impact

Macquarie Island Nature Reserve Management Plan

Tourism in Antarctica

Case study
Ecotourism in Antarctica and adjacent sub-Antarctic islands: development, impacts, management and prospects for the future