Contrast transfer of crystal images in TEM

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Abstract

The contrast transfer in the electron microscope for normal illumination was thoroughly investigated through the transmission cross-coefficient. The derived formula has a form identical to that for tilted illumination, but its interpretation has cast a new light on the selected transmission of the scattered waves The envelope function devised for weakly scattering objects should not be applied to strongly scattering objects such as crystals of even medium thickness. It is pointed out that the direct analysis of the crystal images may lead to an erroneous conclusion, because some of the periodicities in the image are due not to the structural periodicity but to some interferences between the scattered waves. The resolving power (the highest possible resolution) of the instrument should be estimated on the basis of the thin amorphous images.

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