Electric quadrupole moments and strong interaction effects in pionic atoms of 165Ho, 175Lu, 176Lu, 179Hf and 181Ta

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(83)90623-1

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 403, Issue 3, 25 July 1983, Pages 572-588

https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(83)90623-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

The effective quadrupole moments Q_eff of the nuclei of ¹⁶⁵Ho, ¹⁷⁵Lu, ¹⁷⁶Lu, ¹⁷⁹Hf and ¹⁸¹Ta were accurately measured by detecting the pionic atom 5g-4f X-rays of the elements. The spectroscopic quadropole moments, Q_spec, were obtained by correcting Q_eff for nuclear finite size effect, distortion of the pion wave function by the pion-nucleus strong interaction, and contribution to the energy level splittings by the strong interaction. The intrinsic quadrupole moments, Q₀, were obtained by projecting Q_spec into the frame of reference fixed on the nucleus. The shift, ε₀, and broadening, Γ₀, of the 4f energy level due to the strong interaction between the pion and the nucleons for all the elements were also measured. Theoretical values of ε₀ and Γ₀ were calculated and compared to the experimental values. The measured values of Q₀ were compared with existing results in muonic and pionic atoms. The measured values of ε₀ and Γ₀ were also compared with existing values.

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Cited by (21)

Nuclear Structure and Decay Data for A=165 Isobars
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Experimental nuclear spectroscopic data are compiled and evaluated for 18 known nuclides of mass 165 (Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt). Detailed information is presented for each reaction and decay experiment. Combining all the available data, recommended values are provided for energies, spins and parities, and half-lives of levels, with energies, branching ratios and multipolarities of γ radiations, and characteristics of β and α radiations in radioactive decays. ¹⁶⁵Dy, ¹⁶⁵Ho, ¹⁶⁵Er, ¹⁶⁵Tm, ¹⁶⁵Yb, ¹⁶⁵Lu and ¹⁶⁵Hf are among the most extensively studied nuclides via decay and high-spin gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements, followed by limited data for ¹⁶⁵Tb, ¹⁶⁵Ta, ¹⁶⁵W, ¹⁶⁵Re, and ¹⁶⁵Os. No excited states have yet been identified in ¹⁶⁵Sm, ¹⁶⁵Gd, and ¹⁶⁵Pt, while for ¹⁶⁵Eu and ¹⁶⁵Ir, information is available for only the g.s. and an isomer, but with no γ rays. This work supersedes earlier evaluation of A=165 nuclides by 2006Ja09.
Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Pionic Atomic Systems With Accounting for Relativistic, Radiative, and Strong Interaction Effects
2019, Advances in Quantum Chemistry
Citation Excerpt :
For a pion atom of 175Lu, the experimental value of the corresponding quadrupole contribution is ε2 = −0.089 ± 0.029 keV. According to theoretical estimates,13,78 the contributions ε2 = −0.028 and ε2 = −0.035, respectively. Our theory gives the value of a quadrupole contribution ε2 = −0.093.
We present a consistent relativistic theory of spectra of the exotic (pionic) atomic systems based on the Klein–Gordon–Fock equation approach and relativistic many-body perturbation theory with accounting for the fundamental electromagnetic and strong pion–nuclear interactions. The latter has been performed by means of using the advanced strong pion–nuclear optical potential model with the generalized Ericson–Ericson potential. The nuclear finite size effect is taken into consideration within the Fermi model. To take the nuclear quadrupole deformation effects on pionic processes into account we have used the model by Toki et al. The radiative corrections are effectively taken into account within the generalized Uehling–Serber approximation to treat the Lamb shift vacuum-polarization part. To take the contribution of the Lamb shift self-energy part into account we have used the generalized nonperturbative procedure, which generalizes the Mohr procedure and radiation model potential method by Flambaum–Ginges. The results of calculation of the energy and spectral parameters for pionic atoms of the ¹⁷³Yb, ¹⁷⁵Lu, ¹⁹⁷Au, ²⁰⁸Pb, ²³⁸U with accounting for the radiation (vacuum polarization), nuclear (finite size of a nucleus) and the strong pion–nuclear interaction corrections are presented. The corrections to the some transition energies for the pionic atoms ¹⁷⁵Lu, ¹⁸¹Ta, Tl, Pb, ²³⁸U, etc., due to the radiative (polarization of vacuum), finite nuclear size effects and the electron screening correction, provided by the 2[He], 4[Be], and 10[Ne] electron shells are separately listed. For comparison the theoretical data obtained are compared with some measured values of the Berkley, CERN, and Virginia laboratories and results of the alternative Klein–Gordon–Fock theories with taking into account a finite size of the nucleus in the model uniformly charged sphere and the standard Uehling–Serber radiation correction.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 179
2009, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number A = 179 (Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl) have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF database. This evaluation for A = 179, which considers data available by 15 November 2008, supersedes the previous complete publication (E. Browne, Nuclear Data Sheets 55, 483 (1988), cutoff September 1987) and the update-mode publication (C. Baglin, Nuclear Data Sheets 72, 617 (1994), cutoff date September 1994), as well as the subsequent evaluations of Ta, Ir and Tl by C. Baglin (literature cutoff dates January 2000, October 1998 and February 2001, respectively). The newly evaluated literature provides new Coulomb excitation data for Hf, transfer reaction data for Hf and Ta, new information on Au and Hg from α decay and significant (HI,xnγ) reaction data for Hf, Ta, Re, Au and Hg. At the time of the 1994 evaluation, no γ-ray information was available for Au or Hg; that situation has now changed dramatically, although additional work on details of the low-lying structure of Au could be instructive.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 165
2006, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 165 (Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Hf,Ta,W,Re,Os,Ir) with Z = 63 to 77 and N = 102 to 88 have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and Jπ of levels in these nuclei. No excited state data are yet available for ¹⁶⁵Eu, ¹⁶⁵Gd and ¹⁶⁵Tb. In ¹⁶⁵Re an isomer is known at about 50 keV; in ¹⁶⁵Os, about 15 gamma rays are known but no level scheme has been proposed; and in ¹⁶⁵Ir, the the ground state has not yet been identified, but an isomeric state at about 180 keV has been established. Fairly rich structures are known for all the other A = 165 nuclides. Triaxial Superdeformed structures are known in ¹⁶⁵Lu (five SD bands). This evaluation supersedes previous full evaluations of A = 165 by 1987Pe01 and 1974Bu29, a midstream evaluation (in update mode) by 1992Pe04 with literature cutoff date of November 1990, and evaluation of ¹⁶⁵Lu nuclide by 1999Si16. Extensive new data have since become available for most of the nuclides of A = 165 and have been included in the current evaluation.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 176
2006, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear data sheets for A = 181
2005, Nuclear Data Sheets
The nuclear structure and the decay data for all the isobars of A = 181 are presented in this evaluation. New levels of ¹⁸¹Hf were studied by (n,γ), (pol d, p), (d, pγ) and (²³⁸U,²³⁷U'γ) reactions. New levels of ¹⁸¹Ta were studied by (p,nγ), (p, d), Coulomb excitation and heavy ion reactions. Heavy ion reactions added information to high spin states of ¹⁸¹Re, ¹⁸¹Os and ¹⁸¹Ir. In addition, ¹⁸¹Hg and ¹⁸¹Tl structures are also studied by α–decay experiments. The present evaluation supersedes the earlier one on A = 181 by R.B. Firestone (1991Fi01), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 62, 101 (1991), and the ones on ¹⁸¹Pt, ¹⁸¹Au and ¹⁸¹Hg, by C.M. Baglin, published in Nuclear Data Sheets 87, 197 (1999), 87, 225 (1999) and 87, 239 (1999).

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^☆: Partially supported by United States National Science Foundation.

^∗: Present address: TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3.

^∗∗: Present address: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

^∗∗∗: Present address: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.

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Electric quadrupole moments and strong interaction effects in pionic atoms of 165Ho, 175Lu, 176Lu, 179Hf and 181Ta☆

Abstract

Nucl. Phys.

J. Comp. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Instr.

SIAM J. Num. Anal.

Nucl. Phys.

Ann. of Phys.

J. Chem. Phys.

Electric quadrupole moments and strong interaction effects in pionic atoms of ¹⁶⁵Ho, ¹⁷⁵Lu, ¹⁷⁶Lu, ¹⁷⁹Hf and ¹⁸¹Ta☆