Partially sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) - A versatile proton conducting membrane material for modern energy conversion technologies

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(93)85268-2

Journal of Membrane Science

Volume 83, Issue 2, 26 August 1993, Pages 211-220

https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(93)85268-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfones) with various sulfonation levels have been prepared and evaluated as solid polymer electrolytes in electrolysers and fuel cells. Solution and slurry sulfonation of poly(arylene ether sulfones) such as Udel® P-1700 (PSU) and Victrex® PES 5200P (PES) yield polyelectrolytes which have been characterized using FTIR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, titration, thermal analysis, and electrochemical characterization such as resistivity, selectivity of ion permeation, current/voltage plot and life time test in an electrolysis cell. In contrast to the sulfonated PSU, the PES sulfonated in a slurry process was water insoluble, even at high sulfonation levels of 90 mol%, and gave significantly improved electrochemical properties similar to those of fluorine-containing polyelectrolytes used in commercial membrane systems. A versatile in-situ crosslinking technique has been developed to crosslink the sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) electrolytes during membrane processing in order to substantially reduce water swelling without impairing other membrane properties such as proton conductivity.

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Citation Excerpt :
If the DS exceeds 70%, the dimensional, mechanical and chemical stabilities of the sulfonated polymers can not support their use as commercial PEMs. The chemical structures of –(CO)– and –(SO2)– in SPEEK and SPES do not show much differences towards the proton conductivities which are lower compared to Nafion® membranes [46,48,51,53,55,57,60,61,63,67,71,72,74–78,84]. In comparison to Nafion® membranes, post-sulfonation of commercial PEEK and PES exhibits poor comprehensive performance due to the chemical nature of the hydrocarbon polymers.
During the past decade proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as one kind of the potential clean energy sources for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices are attracting more and more attentions. Although Nafion® membranes are considered as the benchmark of proton exchange membranes (PEMs), the drawbacks of Nafion® membranes restrict the commercialization in the practical application of PEMFCs. As of today, the attention is to focus on developing both high-performance and low-cost PEMs to replace Nafion® membranes. In all of these PEMs, sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAESs) are the most promising candidates due to their excellent performance and low price. In this review, the efforts of SPAEK and SPAES membranes are classified and introduced according to the chemical compositions, the microstructures and configurations, as well as the composites with polymers and/or inorganic fillers. Specifically, several perspectives related to the modification and composition of SPAESs and SPAEKs are proposed, aiming to provide the development progress and the promising research directions in this field.
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Partially sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) - A versatile proton conducting membrane material for modern energy conversion technologies

Abstract

J. Membrane Sci.

J. Membrane Sci.

J. Membrane Sci.

Process for preparing sulfonated poly(arylether) resins

Heterogeneous sulfonation process for difficulty sulfonatable poly(ethersulfone)

Routine exchange capacity determinations of ion exchange resins

Anal. Chem.