Influence of four-point bending fatigue on the residual stress state of a pressure-rolled, particulate-reinforced metal matrix composite

doi:10.1016/0921-5093(94)09671-6

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Volume 194, Issue 2, May 1995, Pages 147-156

https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)09671-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

In this work, the influence of fatigue on the residual stress state of a pressure-rolled metal matrix composite has been investigated. The three-dimensional stress state measured in both matrix and reinforcement has been determined by X-ray diffraction. To estimate the efficiency of the pressure rolling treatment, Wöhler curves were derived for both the heat-treated (to maximum hardness) (T6) and further rolled composites. To study the stability of the induced residual stress field, four-point bending fatigue tests were performed on a 2014 aluminium alloy reinforced with 15% SiC particles. It was found that pressure rolling increased the fatigue strength by 30% in the high-cycle region. Macrostress relaxation occurs during cyclic loading: the higher the applied load, the larger the relaxation. A more pronounced effect is observed on the compression-loaded side. As regards the microstresses, a reduction, creation and/or stabilization during cycling may occur according to the loading and metallurgical conditions.

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The results indicate notable surface residual stresses relaxation in the LSP treated samples after 0.00001 Nf cycles. Afterward, the rate of relaxation was reduced; this is in line with previous studies [67–70]. In addition, the initial surface compressive residual stresses of AB + LSP2 sample with −178 MPa were reduced to −46 MPa after 0.9 Nf.
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Surface mechanical property and residual stress of peened nickel-aluminum bronze determined by in-situ X-ray diffraction
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Kodama founded that the CRS of annealed carbon steel relaxed quickly in the first cycle and gradually changed in the following cycles [13]. Then the relationship that the residual stress reduces linearly with the logarithm of cycles at number of cycles N > 1 was proposed and verified later by many other studies [14–17]. In some other cases, instead of sharply degrading in only the first cycle, the CRS decreases moderately during the initial few cycles, and a new physics-based relaxation model with taking the initial cold work effect into account was proposed [18].
As one of the most important surface strengthening method, shot peening is widely used to improve the fatigue and stress corrosion crack resistance of components by introducing the refined microstructure and compressive residual stress in the surface layer. However, the mechanical properties of this thin layer are different from the base metal and are difficult to be characterized by conventional techniques. In this work, a micro uniaxial tensile tester equipped with in-situ X-ray stress analyzer was employed to make it achievable on a nickel-aluminum bronze with shot peening treatment. According to the equivalent stress-strain relationship based on Von Mises stress criterion, the Young’s modulus and yield strength of the peened layer were calculated. The results showed that the Young’s modulus was the same as the bulk material, and the yield strength corresponding to the permanent plastic strain of 0.2% was increased by 21% after SP. But the fractographic analysis showed that the fracture feature of the surface layer was likely to transform from the dimple to the cleavage, indicating the improved strength might be attained at the expense of ductility. The monotonic and cyclic loading were also performed via the same combined set-up. In addition, the specific relaxation behavior of compressive residual stress was quantified by linear logarithm relationship between residual stress and cycle numbers. It was found that the compressive residual stress mainly relaxed in the first few cycles, and then reached steady state with further cycles. The relaxation rate and the stable value were chiefly depended on the stress amplitude and number of cycles. The retained residual stress kept in compressive under all given applied stress levels, suggesting that the shot peening could introduce a more stable surface layer of compressive residual stress other than the elevated strength of nickel-aluminum bronze alloy.
Characterization on surface mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V after shot peening
2016, Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Citation Excerpt :
Consequently, there is little influence of the difference on the results and discussion. From Fig. 9, it indicates that the relaxation of residual stress depends on both the applied stresses and the cycling number N. With the increase of N, the residual stress starts to relax and the relaxation rate is fast in the initial stage for all three applied loadings, which is consistent with the references [35,36]. During the first few cycles, the tensile cold working can improve the tensile yield strength, and the tensile yield strength is direct proportion to the tensile cold working [37].
The surface mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V after shot peening (SP) were investigated in this work. Firstly, the surface yield strength was obtained from the in-situ X-ray stress analysis method combined with the tensile test technique, and the value was increased to 1080 MPa, which was improved about 27% compared with the unpeened bulk material. It was ascribed to the surface work-hardening during the process of SP. Secondly, after SP, the hardness increased obviously and the compressive residual stress was introduced in the surface layer, which were beneficial to the surface properties of Ti–6Al–4V. Even so, the compressive residual stress was relaxed under cyclic loading. So thirdly, the relaxation of residual stress on the peened surface was studied under cyclic loading. The fast relaxation took place in the first few cycles then became stable gradually in further cycles. When the applied tensile stress was approaching to the yield strength, the relaxation was drastic and distinct. The behaviors of residual stress relaxation under different applied stresses were quantified by a function. The results indicated that the relaxation behavior was mainly influenced by the original magnitude, the applied stress and the cycling numbers. In view of all analysis, it can be found that the method of combining in-situ X-ray stress analysis and the tensile test is an effective method to characterize the surface mechanical properties of metal materials after SP treatment.
Evaluation of material properties of SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite using neutron and X-ray diffraction
2006, Materials Science and Engineering: A
The phase stresses under loading in a monolithic aluminum alloy and an aluminum alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particles were measured by the neutron diffraction method. Under uniaxial loading, the longitudinal and transverse strains in each constituent phase were measured. The diffraction elastic constants for each diffraction plane were investigated as a function of the diffraction intensity by TOF. Single peak analysis was carried out for each diffraction profile. The measured results were compared with the theoretical micromechanical models such as the self-consistent and Mori–Tanaka method using the Eshelby theory (MTE). The accuracy of the elastic constant strongly depends on the diffraction intensity. In order to confirm the rule of mixture, the phase stress was measured by the X-ray method. The macrostress calculated by the rule of mixture agreed very well with the applied stress. Finally, fatigue damage was evaluated by the neutron method. The change of the full width at half maximum in the aluminum phase during fatigue is small. On the other hand, the value in the SiC phase increased steeply just before fracture.
Pressure rolling contact: Steady state flow analysis and comparison with experimental data
1996, International Journal of Solids and Structures
In the present work the pressure rolling treatment has been modelled by a direct stationary method which gives the stabilized mechanical state after complete rolling. One important input to the model is the pressure distribution at the contact it is found that the pressure distribution differs from the one calculated with the Hertz theory. The numerical outputs from the pressure rolling model have been compared to experimental data, i.e. the residual stresses measured by X-ray diffraction. A good agreement between experimental and numerical results is obtained for the penetration depth and the residual stress profile. It is found that friction has a strong influence on the surface residual stress.
Interfacial strength of laser surface engineered TiC coating on 6061 Al using four-point bend test
2000, Materials Science and Engineering A
The four-point bend test was carried out on laser surface engineered TiC coating on 6061 Al alloy to study the interfacial strength of the coating. Strain energy release rate, G_ss and the stress intensity factor, K_c were computed for this particular coating/substrate system. These measurements provide information on the mechanical performance and integrity of the interface between metal and the ceramic. Microstructure of the tested samples is discussed. The interface plays a key role in the mechanical behavior of ceramic-coating system. Many cracks, which propagated from the surface caused in delamination of the coating from the surface. It is inferred that ‘mixed’ mode of failure along with the ‘composite’ nature of the interface has a significant effect on the energy release rate and of the coating/substrate system.

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¹: Present address: Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France.

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Influence of four-point bending fatigue on the residual stress state of a pressure-rolled, particulate-reinforced metal matrix composite

Abstract

Mater. Sci. Eng.

Mater. Sci. Eng.

Mater. Sci. Eng.

Mater. Sci. Eng.

Acta Metall.

Acta Metall.

Mater. Sci. Technol.

J. Mater. Sci.

J. Met.

Recueil de Données Technologiques

Residual Stress: Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation

Metall. Trans., A

Härterei Tech. Mitt.

Residual Stress in Science and Technology

Z. Metallkd.

Influence of pressure rolling and fatigue on the residual stress state of metal matrix composites

Stress Concentration Design Factors

J. Mater. JMLSA