Pollutant removal from stormwater runoff by palustrine wetlands based on comprehensive budgets

doi:10.1016/0925-8574(94)00002-M

Ecological Engineering

Volume 4, Issue 2, February 1995, Pages 77-97

https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)00002-M Get rights and content

Abstract

Comprehensive budgets of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total zinc (the most prevalent metal in urban runoff), and fecal coliforms (FC) were developed for two palustrine freshwater wetlands in Washington, USA. These budgets were based on input (inflow, precipitation, groundwater) and output (outflow, evaporation). One wetland received runoff from a primarily urbanized watershed (187 ha), whereas the other watershed (87 ha) was mostly rural and forested. Annual loadings to the urban wetland for TSS, TP, and zinc were 107, 0.63 and 0.43 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively, based on watershed area. Corresponding loadings to the nonurban wetland were 30, 0.62 and 0.08 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. High TP input from groundwater at the nonurban wetland (82% of the TP input) resulted in overall loadings comparable to the urban wetland. Fecal coliform loadings were 4.2 · 10¹⁰ and 1.4 · 10⁹ organisms ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for the urban and nonuran wetlands, respectively. Mean annual removal percentages (over the two-year study period) for TSS, TP, zinc, and FC were estimated at 14, 8, 31, and 49%, respectively in the urban wetland (2 ha). Corresponding removal rates in the nonurban wetland (1.5 ha) were 56, 82, 23, and 29%, respectively. Pollutant removal was influenced by season, flow conditions, residence time, pollutant source (surface versus groundwater), and pollutant state (solid versus dissolved). Results for the nonurban wetland showed that groundwater inputs were significant for TP loadings and removal.

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Pollutant removal from stormwater runoff by palustrine wetlands based on comprehensive budgets

Abstract

Ecol. Eng.

Ecol. Eng.

Ecol. Eng.

Ecol. Eng.

Computers, Environ. Urban Syst.

Ecol. Eng.

Water quality and fisheries issues

Role of wetlands in the removal of suspended sediments

Bacteria and the assessment of water quality

Biological Methods for the Assessment of Water Quality, ASTM STP 528

The Use of Wetlands for Water Pollution Control

Highway runoff in the State of Washington: model verification and statistical analysis

Land Use and Water Quality: A Study of Laholm Bay's Drainage Area

Wetland systems for wastewater treatment: operating mechanisms and implications for design

A review of wetland water quality functions

Guide for water quality impact assessment of highway operations and maintenance

Wetlands and water quality