Photograft-polymer-modified microporous membranes with environment-sensitive permeabilities

doi:10.1016/1381-5148(96)00055-7

Reactive and Functional Polymers

Volume 31, Issue 2, September 1996, Pages 165-177

https://doi.org/10.1016/1381-5148(96)00055-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

Intraporous heterogeneous modification of commercial nylon (Ny) and polypropylene (PP) microfiltration membranes, both of 0.2 μm pore size, with grafted poly(acrylic acid) (g-PAA) was accomplished by first coating the membranes with a photoinitiator, benzophenone (BP), and then UV irradiation in acrylic acid (AA) solutions in water. The degree of modification (DG) depended strongly on AA concentration (c_AA) and UV time. As estimated from PAA homopolymer GPC analyses, average degrees of graft polymerization between 680 and 2200 were achieved by varying c_AA between 10 and 50 g/l. PP-g-PAA and Ny-g-PAA membranes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, revealing outer and intraporous surface coverage with g-PAA. FTIR-ATR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data verified the chemical composition and a gradient of DG over membrane thickness, but modification also of the bottom layer. Membrane swelling and permeabilities depending on DG and pH — above and below pK_gPAA — were studied. PP-g-PAA membranes were almost dimensionally stable, and with intermediate DG (around 1 mg/cm²) the ‘switch height’ of transmembrane permeability as function of pH was very high (by a factor of 100, even in 100 mM buffer). Ny-g-PAA membranes markedly changed the shape due to modification, swelling and additional pH changes; the mechanical stability — especially at DG > 1 mg/cm² — was poor, and the permeability response to pH was less pronounced. Thus, the differences in membrane material hydrophilicity caused different modification surface selectivity, which for Ny was reduced due to sorption of BP and AA during coating and polymerization, respectively. Two different types of graftpolymer-modified microporous membranes resulted: almost ‘perfect’ pore filling for PP-g-PAA, but simultaneous matrix and pore modification for Ny-g-PAA.

References (28)

J. Kost et al.
Trends Biotechnol.
(1993)
R. Yoshida et al.
Adv. Drug Delivery Rev.
(1993)
G. Chen et al.
Nature
(1995)
J.L. Thomas et al.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
(1995)
D.E. Bergbreiter et al.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
(1995)
D.E. Bergbreiter et al.
Adv. Mater.
(1995)
J.T. Kim et al.
J. Membr. Sci.
(1989)
Y. Osada et al.
J. Membr. Sci.
(1986)
H. Iwata et al.
J. Membr. Sci.
(1988)
Y. Ito et al.
Polymer
(1990)

Y. Ito et al.

Macromolecules

(1992)

M.A. Islam et al.

J. Membr. Sci.

(1992)

Y.M. Lee et al.

Polymer

(1995)

B. Ranby et al.

Polym. Adv. Technol.

(1994)

Cited by (146)

Functionalization of PAMAM dendrimers with curcumin: Synthesis, characterization, fluorescent improvement and application on PET polymer
2020, Dyes and Pigments
Environmentally friendly and healthier demands of people lead to grow the application of the natural dyes, although some difficulties limit their usages. This means that overcoming these issues will suggest the exchange of synthetic dyes having many environmental problems with natural dyes. In the current study, to develop the natural dyes, we have enhanced the fluorescence intensity of yellow-emitting curcumin dye, by its covalently bonding to PAMAM dendrimer from G0, G1, G2 generations. The chemical structures of modified materials have been confirmed by FTIR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, UV–Vis, DSC and Elemental Analysis techniques. The synthesized compounds have been used for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics dyeing at high temperature to study their color characteristics. On the other hand, the spectral characteristics of dendrimers have been evaluated in organic solvents with different polarity. The influence of dendrimer generation on the fluorescence intensity and quantum yield has also been described. The results showed that the new dendrimers can be used for PET fabrics coloration.
A comparative study between chemically modified and copper nanoparticle immobilized Nylon 6 films to explore their efficiency in fighting against two types of pathogenic bacteria
2020, European Polymer Journal
Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus adversely affect public health due to their colonization and subsequent formation of a biofilm on medical devices. Various functionalized polymers including polyamides are commonly used in the biomedical industry aiming to resist bacterial infection as well as to ensure cytocompatibility of the used materials. The present study is focused on the extension of our previous work that developed a new approach to immobilize mPEG on an amine-activated Nylon 6 surface. Herein, we compare functionalized samples of Nylon 6 together with samples additionally containing copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs, size 40–60 nm) physisorbed on a modified surface. Modified samples were analyzed via different techniques including water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy associated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The copper functionalized samples showed high antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, most of the prepared samples were cytocompatible.
Ion exchange ligand design: Improving membrane adsorber efficiencies by spacer arm manipulation
2019, Reactive and Functional Polymers
Weak cation exchange membrane adsorbers were prepared by UV grafting ionic monomers from microporous nylon membranes in aqueous media using Type II photoinitiators. Protein binding was influenced by two factors: a) spacer arm length of ≥6 atoms, and b) the presence of hydrogen bonding moieties in the spacer arm. Increasing the spacer arm length reduced the steric effects associated with the grafted polymer backbone, while intra-chain hydrogen bonding interactions between near neighboring repeat units stiffened the side arm, also making the ligand more sterically accessible and hence more efficiently utilized for protein capture. Static protein binding capacities for lysozyme and IgG of >150 mg/mL were achieved, while protein binding efficiencies, as measured by the molar ratio of ligand to protein captured, are significantly enhanced when compared to those of other ligand monomers having shorter spacer arms.
Membrane separation as a pre-treatment process for oily saline water
2018, Desalination
Oil and gas industry generate large quantities of oily wastewater effluents. This wastewater has a major impact on the environment and human health. Hence, a suitable separation method is applied to treat oily wastewater to not only meet the environmental regulations but also to promote water recycling and desalination. Many studies were performed in the literature to investigate the best technologies for treating oily saline water such as the traditional technique of gravity sedimentation and dewatering. Among all, membrane separation processes have been receiving extra attention in the past decades. This is due to their high separation efficiency, low energy requirements and easy operation.
Additional research activities were also directed to utilize membranes in pre-treatment separation processes of oily water ahead of the desalination units. This paper presents a comprehensive review for the recent treatment processes available in the literature for oily wastewater with the concentration on the use of various membranes to accomplish this target. The paper also reviews the recent findings in membranes' development and emerging modification techniques such as interfacial polymerization, nanoparticles incorporation, and surface grafting. A special emphasis was given for ceramic membranes, their operation and their preparation techniques. Moreover, the paper compares and discusses the effect of different operating conditions such as trans-membrane pressure and cross flow velocity on membrane separation performance in oily water.
Progress of stimuli responsive membranes in water treatment
2018, Advanced Nanomaterials for Membrane Synthesis and Its Applications
Recent advancements in membrane technology have led to the creation of responsive materials in which the interfacial properties can be controlled by external stimuli. This has made the development of switchable molecular sieving responsive membranes with a self-cleaning capability possible. This chapter is dedicated to summarizing the progress of stimuli responsive membranes with reversibly switchable physicochemical properties. Here, the implementation of stimuli responsive membranes in water treatment is introduced. Structural flexibility of stimuli responsive materials is discussed to initiate the requirements of stimuli membranes. Next, types of stimuli responsive membranes and their applications as separation tools for controllable physicochemical changes in response to environmental cues are reviewed. Topics on synthesis and modification of stimuli responsive membranes are also introduced and discussed. Finally, the feasibility of implementing stimuli responsive membranes for industrial processes is highlighted.
Antifouling membranes for bioelectrochemistry applications
2018, Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Microbial Electrochemical Technology: Sustainable Platform for Fuels, Chemicals and Remediation
State-of-the-art bioelectrochemical systems for water and wastewater treatment that employ membrane separators are exposed to foulants that degrade membrane and process performance. Here we review potential foulants, including inorganics, humic substances, colloids, microbes, and microbially generated foulants such as extracellular polymer substances, microbial debris, and proteins. We introduce major fouling mechanisms, including pore blockage, pore constriction, cake formation, and biofouling. We discuss antifouling strategies, critical to maintain performance of membrane-based systems, including module design with an emphasis on the importance of surface shear, and membrane selection with an emphasis on promoting interactions with water. Membrane surface modification is discussed as a way to optimize surface chemistry, via physical adsorption, bulk modification, polymer blending, interfacial polymerization, and graft polymerization, including photoinitiated and atom transfer radical polymerization. Finally, we present a case study on the use of UV-irradiated graft polymerization for obtaining energy-efficient membranes in an integrated microbial fuel cell/ultrafiltration process used for recycling municipal wastewater.

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: Part 10 of a series Photomodification of ultrafiltration membranes, for Part 9 cf. [17].

^∗: Fax: +49 (30) 2897-2479.

View full text

Photograft-polymer-modified microporous membranes with environment-sensitive permeabilities☆

Abstract

Trends Biotechnol.

Adv. Drug Delivery Rev.

Nature

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Adv. Mater.

J. Membr. Sci.

J. Membr. Sci.

J. Membr. Sci.

Polymer

Macromolecules

J. Membr. Sci.

Polymer

Polym. Adv. Technol.