Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-799963-0.00002-2

Oxidative Damage to Plants

Antioxidant Networks and Signaling

2014, Pages 65-88

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-799963-0.00002-2 Get rights and content

Accumulated sevidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plant hormone signaling pathways form an integrated network that regulates plant growth, development, and their responses to environmental factors. This network involves plant hormones and ROS, which are intrinsically interlinked in plant biology and development, as well as in stress responses. In this chapter we first discuss the interactions between ROS and plant hormones during the physiological events of seed germination (cell elongation, reserve mobilization, endosperm weakening and dormancy). Then, ROS and hormone interactions under environmental stress and during plant development are reviewed. From seed germination to stress tolerance acquisition, ROS and plant hormones are intrinsically interwoven. The identification of new plant hormones, their functions as well as the identification of ROS receptors have helped in clarifying the roles and signal interactions between ROS and hormones in plant physiology.

References (0)

Cited by (25)

Glyphosate hormesis attenuates water deficit stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by modulating physiological and biochemical mediators
2022, Science of the Total Environment
Citation Excerpt :
ROS are essential in the biochemical signaling of plants due to disturbances in the system (Gomes et al., 2017), and can activate mechanisms against oxidative damage due to the efficient enzymatic system in plants, which comprises antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (Foyer and Noctor, 2011). The secondary effects promoted by glyphosate can be observed in the photosynthetic processes of plants (Velini et al., 2008; Silva et al., 2009; Cedergreen and Olesen, 2010; Gomes et al., 2017; Nascentes et al., 2018; Bortolheiro et al., 2020; Santos et al., 2021), that act to avoid damages in the reaction centers of PSII, thus activating protective mechanisms against oxidative damage (Gomes et al., 2014; Santaniello et al., 2017), but little is known regarding the biochemical processes activated by low doses of glyphosate, especially under conditions of water deficit. The effects of low doses of glyphosate on the shikimic acid pathway, photosynthetic processes, and oxidative events have been described previously (Gomes et al., 2016, 2017); however, studies examining glyphosate hormesis and water deficit, at physiological and biochemical levels in plants, are necessary.
Changes in photosynthetic machinery can induce physiological and biochemical damage in plants. Low doses of glyphosate have been shown to exert a positive effect in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in plants. Here, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were studied under conditions of water deficit mediated by the attenuating effect of low-dose glyphosate. The plants were divided into two groups of water regimes in soil, without water deficit (−10 kPa) and with water deficit (−70 kPa), and were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 18, 36, 72, 180, 360, and 720 g a.e. ha⁻¹). Evident protective responses at the physiological and biochemical levels were obtained after applying low doses of glyphosate to plants under water deficit, with a limiting dose for the occurrence of hormesis (LDS) = 72 g a.e. ha⁻¹. The water deficit in plants resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation and consequently lipid peroxidation (LPO) associated with the accumulation of shikimic acid and glyphosate in plants, which triggered an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that act by dismuting the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining, and/or increasing the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical extinction coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical extinction coefficient (NPQ). APX appears to be the main enzyme involved in eliminating H₂O₂. Low doses of glyphosate act as water deficit ameliorators, allowing the plant to maintain/increase metabolism at physiological and biochemical levels by activating antioxidant enzymes in the dismutation of ROS in safflower plants.
Alternating temperatures increase germination and emergence in relation to endogenous hormones and enzyme activities in aubergine seeds
2021, South African Journal of Botany
Citation Excerpt :
Considering these enzyme activities, it is clear that alternating temperatures trigger germination and emergence, in addition to increasing pre-germination enzyme activities. Furthermore, during seed germination, it is important to consider the potential reaction between free oxygen species and plant hormones, such as those between GA and ABA (Gomes et al., 2014; Miransari and Smith, 2014). Energy production through fat degradation and free oxygen catalysis triggers hormone biosynthesis that promotes germination, thus reducing the ABA to GA ratio and eventually initiating germination.
High seed quality is important for obtaining high quality seedlings for commercial vegetable production. The rate of seed germination affects seedling quality since seeds which tend to germinate more slowly generally result in low-quality seedlings, especially in aubergine seeds. Alternating temperatures play a crucial role in determining the rate of seed germination in many plant species. This study investigated the effect of alternating temperatures on aubergine seed germination, emergence rates, and physiological changes regulating dormancy. Seeds from four open-pollinated aubergine cultivars were incubated for 14 days under the following temperature regimes: 35/20°C-24/24h, 35/20°C-16/8h, 35/20°C-8/16h, 30/20°C-24/24h, 30/20°C-16/8h, 30/20°C-8/16h, or at constant 25°C. The highest mean germination was 92%, with a corresponding highest mean emergence of 88%, which was found with the 35/20°C-16/8h treatment. All alternating temperature treatments displayed faster germination and emergence compared to the control (25°C), as well as high catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzyme activities, and high auxin and salicylic acid levels. In contrast, lipase enzyme activity, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content decreased. In conclusion, these findings showed that alternating temperatures improved aubergine seed germination rate, and seedling emergence, and also demonstrated positive correlations with enzymatic and hormonal fluctuations within the seeds.
Oxidative stress in duckweed (Lemna minor L.) induced by glyphosate: Is the mitochondrial electron transport chain a target of this herbicide?
2016, Environmental Pollution
Citation Excerpt :
In addition to chloroplast and mitochondrial activities, NADPH oxidase in the plasma membrane is known to be a ROS production site, especially contributing to O2− production in metabolically active cells (Grant and Loake, 2000). Reactive oxygen species function as important signalling molecules in several plant biological processes, serving, for example, as secondary messengers in plant hormonal responses (Gomes et al., 2014a). When accumulated, however, ROS can have phytotoxic effects.
We investigated the physiological responses of Lemna minor plants exposed to glyphosate. The deleterious effects of this herbicide on photosynthesis, respiration, and pigment concentrations were related to glyphosate-induced oxidative stress through hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation. By using photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors we located the primary site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plants exposed to 500 mg glyphosate l⁻¹. Inhibition of mitochondrial ETC Complex I by rotenone reduced H₂O₂ concentrations in glyphosate-treated plants. Complex III activity was very sensitive to glyphosate which appears to act much like antimycin A (an inhibitor of mitochondrial ETC Complex III) by shunting electrons from semiquinone to oxygen, with resulting ROS formation. Confocal evaluations for ROS localization showed that ROS are initially produced outside of the chloroplasts upon initial glyphosate exposure. Our results indicate that in addition to interfering with the shikimate pathway, glyphosate can induce oxidative stress in plants through H₂O₂ formation by targeting the mitochondrial ETC, which would explain its observed effects on non-target organisms.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the effect of propyl gallate on kiwifruit callus formation
2024, Plant Cell Reports
Boosting nutritional quality of Urtica dioica L. to resist climate change
2024, Frontiers in Plant Science
Rootstock increases the physiological defence of tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection
2023, Journal of Experimental Botany

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Chapter 2 - Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones