SECONDARY BATTERIES – LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE SYSTEMS – LITHIUM-ION | Negative Electrodes: Graphite
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Fe based catalysts for petroleum coke graphitization for Lithium Ion battery application
2021, Materials LettersCitation Excerpt :Petroleum coke is one kind of soft carbon, which is widely proven can be converted to graphitic carbon and can be applied as anode in LIB. Unlike hard carbon, heat treatment of soft carbon can restructure the carbon structure into graphitic structure [4]. High temperature treatment to synthesize graphitic carbon material required high energy consumption, leading to the costly synthesis process.
Nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage
2021, Frontiers of NanoscienceCitation Excerpt :Nanotechnology has offered a variety of opportunities in materials science and engineering to create new carbon nanomaterials [58], meeting challenges in the research and development of new energy technologies [59,60]. Graphite is a common form of carbon with strong covalent bonding in the carbon plane and much weaker van der Waals interactions in the transverse direction between the layers [61]. In the 1980s, carbonaceous materials were initially investigated and considered as promising candidates for the negative electrode materials of LIBs.
Calendar and cycle aging study of a commercial LiMn<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> cell under consideration of influences by cell progress
2020, Journal of Energy StorageCitation Excerpt :In general, the graphite electrode shows five stages of Li-intercalation [23,37,38]. Transitions between these stages can be observed by plateaus in the voltage characteristic as described in [39–41]. Li-ions are intercalated into the graphite structure starting from a fully discharged cell (stage 1L).
Overview of batteries for future automobiles
2017, Lead-Acid Batteries for Future AutomobilesLithium Battery Energy Storage: State of the Art Including Lithium-Air and Lithium-Sulfur Systems
2015, Electrochemical Energy Storage for Renewable Sources and Grid BalancingComparison of commercial battery cells in relation to material properties
2013, Electrochimica ActaCitation Excerpt :This is probably due to a potential increase in the anode material. The potential of graphite is typically between 50 and 200 mV vs. Li+/Li depending on the specific charge capacity [34]. The cell potential drop of around 100 mV between the inflection points for the 0.33 C, 1 C and 2 C curves are in line with this.