Relation between the heat of immersion and the initial water content of Li-, Na-, and K-montmorillonite

doi:10.1016/S0021-9797(89)80057-8

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Volume 133, Issue 2, December 1989, Pages 461-472

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(89)80057-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

The heat of immersion, Q, and the interlayer spacing, λ, of Li-, Na-, and K-montmorillonite were determined at several values of the mass ratio of water to montmorillonite, m_w/m_c, by microcalorimetry and X-ray diffraction, respectively. For Li-montmorillonite, Q decreased and λ increased monotonously with increasing m_w/m_c. However, for Na- and K-montmorillonite, Q decreased rapidly from positive to negative values, passed through a minimum, increased to positive values again, passed through a maximum, and then decreased gradually to 0. Concurrently, λ increased continuously with m_w/m_c to a specific value, jumped to an appreciably higher value, and increased continuously thereafter. Comparison of the curves of Q vs m_w/m_c with those of λ vs m_w/m_c showed that the minimum in Q occurred at the same m_w/m_c as the jump in λ, that the depth of the minimum correlated with the magnitude of the jump in λ, and that its width correlated with the range of m_w/m_c over which the jump in λ occurred. The minimum in Q was deeper and wider for the K-montmorillonite than for the Na-montmorillonite. With all of the three homoionic montmorillonites, Q remained measureable until m_w/m_c exceeded 6.0 g/g. These results were interpreted to mean that Q is governed by the energy required to dissociate the exchangeable cations and expand the montmorillonite layers and by the energy released in hydrating these cations and the surfaces of the layers but that it does not become negligible until the layers are far apart.

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¹: Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Research supported by the Ecological Research Div., Office of Health and Environmental Res., U.S. Dep. of Energy, under Grant DE-FG02-85ER60310.

¹: Former Graduate Assistant.

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Relation between the heat of immersion and the initial water content of Li-, Na-, and K-montmorillonite1

Abstract

J. Colloid Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

Adv. Agron.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

Dissertation

Soil Sci.

J. Agr. Res.

J. Agr. Sci.

Soil Sci.

J. Amer. Ceram. Soc.

Hilgardia

Discussion, International Clay Conference