Adsorption of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine at the polarised water/1,2-dichloroethane interface

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    The first studies focused on the stability of phospholipid monolayers. In the early 80 s, Girault and Schiffrin, and Wandlowski and co-workers showed respectively that for the adsorption of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the net charge of the head groups, and the stability of the adsorbed layer depend strongly on the applied potential as well as on the interfacial pH. [41–44] Furthermore, they showed that surface tension gradients can be induced at the interface by applying an electric field, which in turn triggers the macroscopic movement of large droplets by Marangoni flow. [42] Later, Kontturi and co-workers suggested that ion transfer across the ITIES is enhanced by the presence of an adsorbed lipid layer due to a non-homogenous coverage of lipids, which form “island-like clusters” at the interface.

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    As mentioned above, an L/L interface modified with monolayers such as phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine have been paid a lot of attention in the past two decades because such systems are simple biomimetic models. Studies of the mass transport process across oil/water interfaces can also improve our fundamental understanding of energy conversion in biological or artificial membranes [90–95]. Cholesterol, an amphipathic lipid molecule, plays an important role in the structure and function of cellular membranes.

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    Condensing effects, on the other hand, may result from other phenomena: diminished molecular repulsion (which occurs mainly with electrically charged molecules), complex formation, and molecular realignment or withdrawal of molecules from the interface. The pKa value reported for the phosphate group of phosphatidylcholine is 1.7–3.0 [23], complete protonation occurs at pH 5 [25]. Chol is a neutral lipid; recently it has been shown [26] that egg PC interacts strongly Chol–the intermolecular forces can render a 1:1 complex at the interface.

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    As mentioned above, if one assumes an adequate geometry for the aqueous droplet, meaningful information can be extracted from the videos acquired along with the voltammograms. Thus, the values obtained for sec(θ) are plotted as a function of the potential difference and the shape of the curve obtained (Fig. 3) corresponds to that generally obtained for the case of DPPC [1,29,30]. The addition of protons was also investigated and the results obtained are presented in Fig. 4.

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