Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 364, Issue 9439, 18–24 September 2004, Pages 1019-1021
The Lancet

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Dignity and inequality

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    Living in unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances entails an increased risk for a multitude of stressful exposures (Turner et al., 1995; Baum et al., 1999; Lantz et al., 2005). Loss of dignity and feelings of humiliation and inferiority are also part of disadvantaged groups’ experiences (Marmot, 2004; Wilkinson, 1999). Although children and adolescents are to a large degree exposed directly to many stressors (Evans and English, 2002), they may also be influenced indirectly through the hardship their parents face (Conger et al., 1994).

  • Unfairness and the social gradient of metabolic syndrome in the Whitehall II Study

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    Fairness, defined as the quality of treating people equally or in a way that is right or reasonable [1], is widely recognized as a key principle of human behavior, social relations, and the organization of society [2–5]. Acts of relational and societal unfairness can be conceptualized as violations of people's dignity or self-respect [6,7] that may produce negative stress-related reactions that increase the risk of poor mental and physical health [8,9]. In a recent study, participants reporting higher levels of unfairness were more likely to experience an incident coronary event (excluding self-reported cases), compared to those with low or medium unfairness, after adjustment for age, gender, employment grade, traditional coronary risk factors, and other psychosocial work characteristics [10].

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