Preliminary CommunicationCULTIVATION OF VIRUSES FROM A HIGH PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH COLDS
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Cited by (256)
Possibility of intrauterine transmission from mother to fetus/newborn: Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection
2024, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive BiologySeveral studies have reported vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, information regarding intrauterine transmission based on diagnostic methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection is scarce. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify and explore the studies that attempt to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) statement. The results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted intrauterine, as detected by clinical manifestations (1.00, 95 % CI: 1.00 – 1.00, 0.51, 95 % CI: 0.22 – 0.80), imaging (0.50, 95 % CI: 0.24 – 0.76, 0.03, 95 % CI: 0.00 – 0.17), molecular (1. 00, 95 % CI: 1.00 – 1.00, 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.77 – 1.00), immunological (0.32, 95 % CI: 0.10 – 0.57, 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.11 – 0.61), and histological approaches (0.79, 95 % CI: 0.52 – 0.98) in maternal and fetal/neonatal specimens, respectively. The possibility of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus/newborn was 41 % (95 % CI 0.37 – 0.45). We might confirm/verify the intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoCV-2 from mother to fetus/newborn.
Application of glass box AI to large numbers of medical records for rapid response to future respiratory virus pandemics. Examples considering potential future high-fatality COVID strains and a potential avian influenza pandemic in humans
2024, Informatics in Medicine UnlockedIt is crucial to consider the consequences that new strains of respiratory viruses such as COVID-19 and avian influenza could have on humans. Possible future human-to-human transmission of avian influenza is of particular concern. As discussed, not all countries took a worst-case approach to COVID-19 at the outset, with regrettable outcomes. To better prepare, it is important to have access to as much information as possible, including digital patient records, and to use that information in a timely fashion so that appropriate actions can be taken early. A glass-box AI approach, complementary to current mainly black-box AI, can effectively manage uncertainty, missing data, and feature interactions in a probabilistic fashion. This approach can obtain standard epidemiological measures, discover unexpected demographic and clinical interactions in past data, and then apply them to small amounts of future data. As this concerns future response, this is primarily a review and position paper. It is emphasized that our results at both the quantitative and qualitative levels are based on models for future pandemics of unknown nature and possibly great severity and are not intended to be realistic. We may sometimes overemphasize severity, but that is a worst-case strategy. We do not consider all epidemiological modeling methods. Rather, this paper concerns how some simple, less variant measures from the first COVID-19 wave and more general qualitative information might be used in combination with analysis of rapidly updated patient records in the first few days of the first wave of a future pandemic.
Expression patterns of lncRNA MALAT-1 in SARS-COV-2 infection and its potential effect on disease severity via miR-200c-3p and SIRT1
2023, Biochemistry and Biophysics ReportsDownregulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 (ACE2) expression may be a shared mechanism for RNA viruses.
Evaluate the expressions of ACE2 effectors: the long non-coding RNA ‘MALAT-1’, the micro-RNA ‘miR-200c-3p’ and the histone deacetylase ‘SIRT1’ in SARS-COV-2 patients and correlate to disease severity. Sera samples from 98 SARS-COV-2 patients and 30 healthy control participants were collected. qRT-PCR was used for MALAT-1 and miR-200c-3p expression. SIRT1 was measured using ELISA.
In sera of COVID-19 patients, gene expression of miR-200c-3p is increased while MALAT-1 is decreased. SIRT1 protein level is decreased (P value < 0.001). Findings are accentuated with increased disease severity. Serum MALAT-1, miR-200c-3p and SIRT1 could be used as diagnostic markers at cut off values of 0.04 (95.9 % sensitivity), 5.59 (94.9 % sensitivity, 99 % specificity), and 7.4 (98 % sensitivity) respectively. A novel MALAT-1-miR-200c-3p-SIRT1 pathway may be involved in the regulation of SARS-COV-2 severity.
An ancient coronavirus from individuals in France, circa 16th century
2023, International Journal of Infectious DiseasesAt the time when the COVID-19 pandemic was responsible for more than six million deaths worldwide, the antiquity of coronaviruses remains undefined. We investigated individuals buried during the 16th century in France for the direct and paleoserological diagnosis of the coronavirus.
The 2011-2012 excavation of Abbey Saint-Pierre in Baume-Les-Messieurs, France uncovered 12 skeletons of individuals from the 13th to the 18th century. The total proteins extracted from dental pulps were subjected to microbial paleoserology, targeting SARS-CoV-2, human-associated coronavirus (HCoV)-229E, and OC43 antigens and for coronavirus peptide research using metaproteomics, in parallel to negative controls.
Three peptide sequences totaling 36 amino acids indicative of a coronavirus were retrieved from the dental pulp remains collected from two individuals buried circa 16th century, in whom paleoserology confirmed a specific immunological response against modern-day SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E.
We provide serological and proteomic evidence for a betacoronavirus with no modern correspondent, infecting populations in the 16th century, extending the antiquity of coronaviruses by more than three centuries. Historical, archaeozoological, and paleoproteomic data suggested close contacts between these two individuals and domestic swine, cattle, and poultry, suggesting an ancient zoonotic coronavirus. Coronaviruses have been undesirable companions of populations long before the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak emerged.
New insights from nanotechnology in SARS-CoV-2 detection, treatment strategy, and prevention
2023, Materials Today ChemistryThe recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 resulted into the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, which has made a profound impact on mankind and the world health care system. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted within the population via symptomatic carriers, enters the host cell via ACE2 and TMPSSR2 receptors and damages the organs. The standard diagnostic tests and treatment methods implemented lack required efficiency to beat SARS-CoV-2 in the race of its spreading. The most prominently used diagnostic test,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (a nucleic acid-based method), has limitations including a prolonged time taken to reveal results, limited sensitivity, a high rate of false negative results, and lacking specificity due to a homology with other viruses. Furthermore, as part of the treatment, antiviral drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, daclatasvir, atazanavir, and many more have been tested clinically to check their potency for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 but none of these antiviral drugs are the definitive cure or suitable prophylaxis. Thus, it is always required to combat SARS-CoV-2 spread and infection for a better and precise prognosis. This review answers the above mentioned challenges by employing nanomedicine for the development of improved detection, treatment, and prevention strategies for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, nanotechnology-based detection methods such as colorimetric assays, photothermal biosensors, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles sensors, electrochemical nanoimmunosensors, aptamer-based biosensors have been discussed. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based treatment strategies involving polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, and nanocarrier-based antiviral siRNA delivery have been depicted. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 prevention strategies, which include the nanotechnology for upgrading personal protective equipment, facemasks, ocular protection gears, and nanopolymer-based disinfectants, have been also reviewed. This review will provide a one-site informative platform for researchers to explore the crucial role of nanomedicine in managing the COVID-19 curse more effectively.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that first appeared in late December 2019. This SARS-CoV-2 causes an infection of an acute respiratory disease called “coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a great pandemic on March 11, 2020. As of January 31, 2023, SARS-CoV-2 recorded more than 67 million cases and over 6 million deaths. Recently, novel mutated variants of SARS-CoV are also creating a serious health concern worldwide, and the future novel variant is still mysterious. As infection cases of SARS-CoV-2 are increasing daily, scientists are trying to combat the disease using numerous antiviral drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review that summarized the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, SARS-CoV-2 variants (a variant of concern and variant of interest), antiviral drugs and vaccines utilized against SARS-CoV-2 at a glance. Hopefully, this review will enable the researcher to gain knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccines, which will also pave the way to identify efficient novel vaccines against forthcoming SARS-CoV-2 strains.