Polaronic ferromagnetism in conducting polymers

doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00095-6

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Volumes 226–230, Part 2, May 2001, Pages 2023-2025

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00095-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

Ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature is reported in metal-free-conducting polymer samples of poly(3-methylthiophene) doped with ClO₄⁻. Magnetic moments associated with spin $12$ positive polarons are possibly interacting through a Dzialoshinski–Moriya anisotropic superexchange via the dopant anions, giving rise to weak ferromagnetism.

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Cited by (14)

Polaronic ferromagnetic behavior in ClO 4 - Doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) at room temperature
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Citation Excerpt :
The interaction between two polarons, under certain conditions, results in bipolarons with charge ±(2e) and spin 0. Due to a large interest on these characteristics, many works have investigated the magnetic behavior of such polymers [7–21]. Unlike conventional magnetic materials, which always involve spins of either d or f electrons, in π-conjugated polymers p-electrons play an essential role in this property [9].
The magnetic properties of pressed pellets of ${ClO}_{4}^{-}$ partially doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) have been investigated in the range from 5 to 300 K and a ferromagnetic phase was observed at room temperature. This behavior was associated to polaron interaction because the saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and coercive field, change with the reversible potential that modulates the doping level of the samples. This effect is a consequence of the Nernst potential describes the ratio among reduced sites, polarons and bipolarons in the sample. The results also show that the ferromagnetic phase vanishes when the samples undergo a thermal annealing or are stored under atmospheric conditions for a long period of time. The absence of contaminants such as Co, Fe and Ni was determined using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry with ppb resolution. These results support that the ferromagnetic behavior observed in samples is intrinsic.
Magnetic properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene)
2008, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
A room temperature ferromagnetic phase is observed in samples of poly(3-hexylthiophene) partially doped with ClO₄⁻. The magnetic behavior presents a strong dependence on the sample preparation conditions, in particular, a dependence with the final potential of the sample after reduction. The origin of the ferromagnetism is proposed to be associated with interactions between spin 1/2 polarons formed in the polymeric chain upon doping. The dependence of saturation and spontaneous magnetization as the function of the final potential after reduction shows a way to control the magnetic properties of this polymer.
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Polaronic ferromagnetism in conducting polymers

Abstract

Synth. Met.

Synth. Met.

Appl. Phys. Lett.