Numerical models for the management of land and water resources salinisation

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Abstract

This paper will demonstrate the role of surface and groundwater models as design, management, and predictive tools in salinity investigations. Groundwater flow and solute transport models have the ability to simulate a wide range of problems such as: the effects of groundwater extraction, and land-use changes (land clearing, reforestation and change in cropping pattern) on potentiometric heads of aquifers and their potential impacts on salinisation; the estimation of salt load from aquifers to rivers; and the intrusion of seawater in coastal aquifers. Surface-water models can simulate the effect of solute transport in rivers, estimate downstream salinity on the basis of upstream data and quantify saline accessions within a reach of river.

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    An area of > 930 million ha that occupies 7% of global land surface suffers from soil salinization, and the area is expanding (Rengasamy, 2006). Approximately 20% of irrigated land is salt-affected globally (Yeo, 1999), and the land area that has secondary soil salinization problems is as high as about 80 million ha in arid and semiarid regions (Ghassemi et al., 1997). Hence, it is crucial to mitigate and control soil salinity in agricultural lands, particularly where irrigation is used (Jalila et al., 2016; Singh, 2015).

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