Fabrication of polypyrrole/TiO2 nanocomposite via electrochemical process and its photoconductivity

doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60072-8

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

Volume 19, Issue 6, December 2009, Pages 1572-1577

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60072-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

Size-controllable and vertically-oriented TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) arrays were fabricated using anodic oxidation method from pure titanium sheets in electrolyte solutions. Then with the TNT arrays as the working electrode, a thin film of polypyrrole (Ppy) was synthesized into the TNT arrays via the electrochemical polymerization. During the process, the appearance of redox peaks in cyclic voltammetry curves of the resulting films indicates the occurrence of polymerization. The morphology, the molecular structure, crystallization and optical properties of the TNT arrays and the resulting polymer were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-vis spectrum analysis, respectively. A dual-layered photoreceptor containing the nanocomposite film as the charge generation layer (CGL) was designed and fabricated. It is found that the photoreceptor based on Ppy/TiO₂ nanotubes as CGL exhibits remarkable photoconductive performance.

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TiO<inf>2</inf> nanotube array modified with polypyrrole for efficient photoelectrocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue
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Citation Excerpt :
Jia et al. reported that the presence of the PPy polymer on the surface of TiO2 NTA could decrease the recombination rate of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, and enhance the photocurrent [23]. Ouyang et al. reported the polymerization of PPy on TiO2 NTA via cyclic voltammetry, and investigated the effect of PPy contents on the electrical conductivity [24]. Janáky et al. extended the concept of light-induced electropolymerization of the PPy/TiO2 NTA system and demonstrated its effectiveness in homogenously coating TiO2 NTA with PPy [25].
In this work, polypyrrole (PPy) was in situ polymerized on the surface of TiO₂ nanotube array (TiO₂ NTA, with average pore diameter of 110 nm and length of 490–750 nm) using cyclic voltammetry method to develop the nanocomposite photoelectrode of PPy@TiO₂ NTA. The morphology and the physicochemical properties of the photoelectrode were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman Spectra, and XPS. It was found that the PPy modification enlarged the light adsorption range of the photoelectrode, as well as increased the photocurrent density under UV light irradiation. Furthermore, the performance of PPy@TiO₂ NTA photoelectrode was investigated for the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) by means of photocatalytic (PC), electrocatalytic (EC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation. The decolorization rate of MB using the PPy@TiO₂ NTA increased by 24.94% and 10.85% under PC and EC conditions, respectively, in comparison with the decolorization rate obtained using pristine TiO₂ NTA. The improved decolorization rate of MB was mainly attributed to the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs originated from TiO₂, and the enhanced utilization of visible-light due to the presence of PPy. Furthermore, the decolorization rate of MB under the PEC condition was also significantly improved, compared with the sum of the decolorization rate of PC and EC systems, indicating the synergistic effect of MB oxidation in the photoelectrocatalysis.
Electrochemical deposited Mg-PPy multilayered film to store hydrogen
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Citation Excerpt :
The vibration of the pyrrole ring appeared at 1544 cm−1 and its in-plane deformation was observed at 1030 cm−1 in agreement with the literature [38]. The additional vibrations at 1315 and 920 cm−1 were attributed to the CN bond and CH wagging of the pyrrole, respectively [38,39]. Finally, XRD analysis of PPy film confirmed its amorphous nature (Fig. S1).
The stability of magnesium and its hydride (Mg/MgH₂) against moisture and oxygen can be improved by forming a multilayered structure with a protective polymeric layer. Herein, we report for the first time the fabrication of such a multilayered structure via an electrochemical deposition method consisting of the successive depositions of Mg on electropolymerised polypyrrole (PPy) films. The thickness of the PPy and the Mg layers was ∼1 μm, which is larger than the Mg/Pd multilayers prepared via physical deposition methods, owing to the higher surface roughness of electropolymerised films. However, such films displayed remarkable hydrogen storage properties. Hydrogenation of the PPy/Mg film was achieved at 100 °C and hydrogen release started from 125 °C with a peak at ∼215 °C. When covered by a second PPy layer, the hydrogen desorption temperature increased slightly to 230 °C. These hydrogen absorption and desorption temperatures are significantly lower than that of pristine Mg/MgH₂ micron sized powders and this was achieved without any additional catalyst. Furthermore, such hydrogenated PPy/Mg/PPy film structures were found to be stable in air even after one week.
Enhanced photo-stability and photocatalytic activity of Ag <inf>3</inf> PO <inf>4</inf> via modification with BiPO <inf>4</inf> and polypyrrole
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Ag₃PO₄ photocatalysts modified with BiPO₄ and polypyrrole (PPy) were successfully synthesized via a combination of co-precipitation hydrothermal technique and oxidative polymerization method. Their morphologies, structures and optical and electronic properties were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflection spectra (UV-vis DRS), photocurrent technique and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The typical triphenylmethane dye (malachite green) was chosen as a target organic contaminants to estimate the photocatalytic activities and photo-stabilities of Ag₃PO₄-BiPO₄-PPy heterostructures under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the existence of BiPO₄ and PPy not only showed great influences on the photocatalytic activity, but also significantly enhanced photo-stability of Ag₃PO₄ in repeated and long-term applications. The degradation conversion of Ag₃PO₄-BiPO₄-PPy heterostructures (ABP-3) was 1.58 times of that of pure Ag₃PO₄. The photo-corrosion phenomenon of Ag₃PO₄ was effectively avoided. The photocatalytic activity of up to 87% in the Ag₃PO₄-BiPO₄-PPy heterostructures (ABP-3) can be remained after five repeated cycles, while only about 33% of the degradation efficiency can be reserved in pure Ag₃PO₄. The possible mechanism of enhanced photo-stability and photocatalytic activity of Ag₃PO₄-BiPO₄-PPy heterostructures was also discussed in this work.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of PPyCuS@GOPt nanocomposite and investigation of its electrocatalytic behavior towards photo-hydrogen evolution
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Capability of reducing the overpotential and also increasing the current density of hydrogen evolution reaction, HER, through exposure to light can be aid in the development of effective HER driven by sunlight. With this in mind, herein, the hybrid electrode based on polypyrrole –CuS composite, PPyCuS, is fabricated with the aim to form an electrode photo-electrocatalyst for HER. Therefore, an in situ sonoelectrochemical method was employed to synthesis of hybrid nanocomposite film on copper substrate. The photoelectrochemical performance of PPyCuS@GOPt hetrostructure was investigated in acidic solution under visible light irradiation by linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, and Tafel slopes evaluation. Actually, we could prepare the PPyCuS@GOPt nanocomposite film on Cu₂O nano particles exhibited a much smaller onset overpotential with high current density for photo-HER. It was proven that GO, and Pt can act as effective dual co-catalysts to enhance the photocatalytic H₂ production activity of PPyCuS. The higher photoactivity is attributed to the fact that the photoinduced interfacial charge transfer in the heteronanostructures follow by further transfer in GO sheets. This work is expected to provide a new concept for development of highly efficient polymer-sulfide compounds photoelectrocatalysts for HER under simulated sunlight.
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This work presents the preparation of the modified electrode based on polypyrrole which is electrochemically doped by nanodiamond (ND), gold nanoparticles and cuprous oxide and the corresponding electrocatalytic performance for the methanol oxidation reaction was studied. Herein, decorated PPy–nanodiamond composite films on St-12 steel electrodes were electro-synthesized using in situ polymerization process under ultrasonic irradiation. Afterward, the potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques were used to synthesize the Au nanoparticles and cuprous oxide on the PPy/ND coated electrode, respectively. The results of cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed significantly enhanced catalytic performance of the prepared electrode. It was observed that the modified electrodes prepared from PPy(ND) decorated with Au and Cu₂O yielded a slightly higher current and lower onset potential for the oxidation of methanol. Besides, the mechanism based on the electrochemical synthesis of Cu₂O active sites and the effects of nanodiamond along with gold nanoparticles have been discussed.

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: Foundation item: Project(NCET-06-0536) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China; Project(Y4090260) supported by the Program for Zhejiang Provincial Natural Sicence Foundation of China

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Fabrication of polypyrrole/TiO2 nanocomposite via electrochemical process and its photoconductivity

Abstract

Polymer

Electrochim Acta

Electrochim Acta

Electrochim Acta

New architecture for high-efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells using solution-based titanium oxide as an optical spacer [J]

Adv Mater

Low-temperature, solution-processed, high-mobility polymer semiconductors for thin-film transistors [J]

J Am Chem Soc

Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells [J]

Science

Efficient tandem polymer solar cells fabricated by all-solution processing [J]

Science

Electro-luminescence in conjugated polymers [J]

Nature

Fabrication of polypyrrole/TiO₂ nanocomposite via electrochemical process and its photoconductivity