Short communication
SRR and S-shape slot loaded triple band notched UWB antenna

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Abstract

This paper demonstrates the design of a triple band notched ultrawideband circular microstrip patch antenna loaded with Complementary Split RingResonator (CSRR) and S-shaped slot in microstrip feed line. Complementary Split Ring Resonator slot and S-shaped slot are used to produce band notched characteristics for WiMAX band (3.30–3.60 GHz) and WLAN band (5.10–5.80 GHz) respectively. The downlink frequency band (7.25–7.75 GHz) of X-band for satellite communication is notched using Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator Pair (SSRRP) as electromagnetic coupling element near microstrip feed line which produces band stop characteristics. Measured results of fabricated antenna prototype are compared with simulated results and found in correspondence. The VSWR and vector current plots show evidence of the significant suppression in the desired frequency bands.

Introduction

Federal communication commission (FCC) had declared Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) from 3.10 to 10.60 GHz as unlicensed band for commercial use and has attracted interest of scholars from academics and industries for future applications [1]. Microstrip antennas are auspicious to design UWB antennas due to its prominent features as compact volume, low price, ease of manufacture, and good omnidirectional radiation [2]. Presently available UWB devices highly affected from enormous of electromagnetic interferences due to the other existing narrowband wireless communication systems in UWB frequency spectrum like, WiMAX applications in 3.30–3.60 GHz band, WLAN systems in 5.10–5.80 GHz band. So, to suppress the discussed interventions due to existing narrow band communication systems, it is essential to make antennas with filtering attributes.

Recently some distinct approaches like, slot etching on the radiating surface or ground surface, folded strips, tuning stubs, meandering, EBG configurations have been suggested in literature to make band notched UWB antenna. For example S-designed slit in feed line [3], etching CSRR slot in feed line [4], an S-curve shape slot in ground plane is used to create band notched characteristic in 8.0–8.4 GHz band while curve shape slot on playground shape patch to achieve band notch in 3.3–3.6 GHz and WLAN band is presented in [5], using a nested C-slot etched on patch is presented to notch the WiMAX/WLAN band in [6], to achieve the band notch features and electromagnetic coupling of Split Ring Resonator (SRR)J with CPW concept has been presented in [7], the property of negative permeability SRR has been demonstrated to produce the band notching features in [8], SIR and SRR concept has been presented to achieve the multiband filtering characteristics in [9], CSRR and transmission line based metamaterial loading has been demonstrated to achieve the multiband notching characteristics in [10], stepped impedance resonator (SIR) has been implemented in feed to create band notching characteristics in [11], an embedded slot resonator in feed line has been presented to achieve the filtering characteristic [12] and Simple rectangular slots on radiating patch are used to produces band filtering [13].

Defected Ground Structure (DGS) endure the leakage through the ground plane, so the enclosures are favorable to overcome the leakage problem when DGS are used to design any microwave circuit. However leakage problem can be improved through using Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS), which is designed through making slots in microstrip line. DMS can also be used as a band stop filter and it has been demonstrated using various DMS unit cells in microstrip line [14]. A Defected Microstrip Structure has been integrated with microstrip feed line to produce band notched characteristics for UWB Cognitive radio applications [15].

SRRs are compact resonating elements which produces a high quality factor at microwave frequencies and frequently used as a metamaterial periodic structure. A SRR loaded tunable metasurface has been demonstrated in [16] with controllability of helicity of electromagnetic wave incident on the metasurfaces. A CSRR resonating structure with series capacitive gap has been demonstrated to enhance the gain of resonant antennas in [17]. CSRR loaded Metamaterials can be used to improve the isolation between array of antennas, in [18] a CSRR loaded Metamaterial structure which exhibits the single negative resonant permittivity has been discussed to improve isolation between the antenna array elements.

In this paper, we have focused to analyze the effects of CSRR as loaded on radiating patch, electromagnetic coupling element as Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator Pair (SSRRP) and Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) integrated with microstrip feed line. A concept of miniaturization (DMS) in feed line is used to create band notching characteristics in UWB band which is totally different from the previously proposed miniaturizations. Defected Microstrip Structure has an advantage over Defected ground structure that it reduces the size and has good electromagnetic interference noise immunity. There is no leakage through ground plane in DMS implemented devices. Proposed antenna produces triple band notching characteristics for WiMAX, WLAN and Satellite communication in X-band (Downlink band). Suggested antenna exhibits the uniqueness that there is no requisite to design complex slots on radiating surface/ground surface or other canonical methods to produce notch for satellite communication. Band notching at high frequencies can be easily achieved through Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator Pair (SSRRP). Split Ring Resonators (SRR) are able to produce significant narrow band notching properties. It has been seen that drawing slots on radiating surface or ground surface to create band notching for X-band other notched bands are severely affected. This may happen due to the higher frequency modes interference, so it is obvious that their current distribution may highly interfere other notched bands. Such type of problems can be avoided by using the proposed electromagnetic coupling Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator Pair (SSRRP) near feed line. Advantages of proposed antenna are its compact size, successful demonstration of triple band notched characteristics to prevent interference from existing narrow band wireless communication systems, proposed feed line miniature (DMS) and Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator Pair (SSRRP) can be used for designing of microwave devices and Metamaterial based devices.

Section snippets

Antenna design

The design and structure of suggested antenna has been simulated and augmented using Ansoft HFSS 13 and is presented in Fig. 1(a) and (b). Fabricated model of microstrip patch antenna is displayed in Fig. 1(d) and (e). Fig. 1(c) shows the enlarged view of S-shaped slot in feed line. FR-4 substrate (thickness = 1.6 mm, dielectric constant εr = 4.4, and loss tangent = 0.02) is used to fabricate this model. This antenna uses microstrip feed line of 50 ohm characteristics impedance and width of line is 2.8

Results and discussion

All the measurements were taken with Keysight vector network analyzer (N9916A). The small differences between measured and simulated results are due to cable & connector losses during measurements and fabrication tolerance. The graphical representation between simulated and measured VSWR result of proposed antenna has been shown in Fig. 7. The proposed antenna successfully create striple notches at 3.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz and 7.5 GHz, maintaining broadband performance from 3.10 to 10.60 GHz (UWB) with

Conclusion

A compact planar UWB antenna with triple band rejection characteristic is designed to minimize the prospective interventions between the UWB system and the narrow band wireless communication systems. Firstly for proposed antenna individual notches are designed and their band-notch properties are studied. Then all the triple notches are inserted onto the basic antenna to achieve the suggested antenna. While incorporating all band notch elements utmost care has been taken to minimize the

Acknowledgment

Authors are thankful to Prof. AnanjaniBasu and Prof. S.K. Koul, (CARE) – IIT Delhi, New Delhi, INDIA for providing measuring facilities for radiation pattern measurement. We would also like to thank management of Global Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India to provide Vector Network Analyzer facility in Center For Excellence.

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