Original article
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Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by alveolar corticotomy in the dog

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.08.014Get rights and content

Introduction: Tooth movement and alveolar bone reaction after corticotomies have not been thoroughly examined. In this study, the effects of corticotomies on orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone reaction were investigated in dogs. Methods: Corticotomies were performed on the cortical bone of the mandibular left third premolar region in 12 male adult beagles. The third premolars on the left experimental side and on the right sham side were moved mesially with a continuous force of 0.5 N. Results: Tooth movement velocities from 0 to 1 week and from 1 to 2 weeks after the corticotomies were significantly faster on the experimental side than on the sham side. Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament appeared only at 1 week after the corticotomies on the experimental sides, whereas it was observed from 1 to 4 weeks after the corticotomies on the sham sides. Tartrate-resistant-acid-phosphatase positive cells of the experimental side tended to work vigorously at an early time on the alveolar wall and in the bone marrow cavities. Conclusions: Orthodontic tooth movement increased for at least 2 weeks after the corticotomies. This might be brought about by rapid alveolar bone reaction in the bone marrow cavities, which leads to less hyalinization of the periodontal ligament on the alveolar wall.

Section snippets

Material and methods

The experimental animals were 12 male adult beagles. They were caged individually with regulated light and temperature, and fed soft dog food and water to prevent any damage to the experimental orthodontic appliance. All experimental procedures were performed under intravenous anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25-30 mg per kilogram of body weight). The experimental conditions and procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Miyazaki University.

The mandibular left and right

Results

The distances of the tooth movement on the experimental side were significantly greater than those on the sham sides at T1, T2, and T4 (Fig 5), approximately double those on the sham side. Tooth movement increased almost linearly from T0 to T4 on the experimental side. On the sham sides, tooth movement stopped from T1 to T2, but the distances increased from T0 to T1 and from T2 to T4.

The movement velocity on the experimental side was also faster than that on the sham side throughout the

Discussion

The average distance of tooth movement by an orthodontic force of 0.5 N on the sham side in this study was 1 mm in 4 weeks, and this value is similar to that in a previous dog study.16 The distance was approximately double on the experimental side at T1, T2, and T4 compared with the sham side. Moreover, tooth movement velocity on the experimental side was significantly faster than on the sham side at T0-1 and T1-2: 2 and 5 times faster on the experimental side, respectively. Therefore, it is

Conclusions

The alveolar corticotomy procedure increases orthodontic tooth movement for at least 2 weeks after the corticotomy and decreases the risk of root resorption. This process might be brought about by the rapid alveolar bone reaction in the bone marrow cavities, leading to less hyalinization of the PDL on the alveolar wall.

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    Partially supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research for the first and sixth authors from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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