Experimental investigation of tread wear and particle emission from tyres with different treadwear marking

Highlights

• The present study explores a possible correlation between the TWR and mass loss.

• No relation between TWR and tread mass loss or PM/PN concentration was found.

• Categorization based on the TWR is not feasible for different brands.

• Categorization within the same brand should be further investigated.

Abstract

The Treadwear Rating (TWR) provided on the sidewall of the tyre is a marking intended to inform the customer about the expected durability of the tyre. The current study explores whether there is a correlation between the TWR and tyres' tread mass loss. Furthermore, it explores the possible correlation between the TWR and tyre wear dust emitted in the form of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. For that reason, two tyres of the same brand (B) but with different TWR and three tyres of different brands (C and D with the same TWR as one of the B tyres and A with a lower TWR) were tested at a constant speed of 70 km/h by means of the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) road simulator. Tyres of the same TWR but of different brands showed different behaviour in terms of material loss, PM, and PN emissions under the selected testing conditions. This means that it is not feasible to categorize tyres of different brands in terms of their emissions based on their TWR. The test performed on the two tyres of the same brand but with different TWR showed instead a substantial (not statistically significant) difference in both total wear and PM₁₀ emissions. The tyre with the higher TWR (B2) showed less wear and PM₁₀ emissions compared to the B1 tyre having a lower TWR. Since only two tyres of the same brand and with different TWR were tested, this result cannot be generalized and more tests are necessary to confirm the relation within the same brand. In general, the tyre tread mass loss showed no obvious statistical relation to PM₁₀, PM_2.5 or PN concentration. In all cases approximately 50% (by mass) of emitted PM₁₀ fall within the size range of fine particles, while PN size distribution is dominated by nanoparticles most often peaking at 20–30 nm.